2 spalten Archives - Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277 https://amc-trr277.de/tag/2-spalten/ AMC TRR 277 Wed, 14 Jan 2026 09:58:07 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.8.5 Focus Area A https://amc-trr277.de/projects/project-area-a/ Thu, 02 Dec 2021 14:37:06 +0000 http://amc-trr277.de/?post_type=projects&p=4153 The post Focus Area A appeared first on Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277.

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Focus Area A ‘Materials and Processes’ centres on the investigation of basic principles for the development from scratch of unique AMC processes for concrete, steel, and timber. As mentioned above, the innovation potential of the proposal is based primarily on the merging of material and process developments produced in interdisciplinary research teams.
Based on the state of research and the results of preliminary research projects carried out by the applicants, two groups of additive manufacturing technologies are considered promising for implementation in construction: (1) particle-bed 3D printing techniques and (2) deposition 3D printing techniques.

Particle-bed 3D printing techniques include selective cement activation (SCA) (A01) and selective paste intrusion (SPI) (A02) for concrete, as well as selective laser melting (SLM) (A06) for steel and individual layer fabrication (A08) for timber. Among the deposition techniques, extrusion 3D printing (A03) and shotcrete 3D printing (SC3DP) (A04) for concrete, as well as wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) (A07) for steel are considered.
Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Approach Visuals Networking with other projects Poster TRR277_A01_Poster_1-DFG-Begutachtung TRR277_A01_Poster_2-DFG-Begutachtung Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustain…

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Arno Kwade

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Project leader

Kwade, Arno Prof. Dr.-Ing.

Head of the institute for particle technology. Head of iPAT and supports the academic staff regarding the conditioning of particle products.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Lowke

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AMC Board
Project leader

Lowke, Dirk Prof. Dr.-Ing.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Lowke is Chair of Materials and Methods in Digital Construction. He will advise the scientific staff in carrying out their work in line with the formulated project aims. He is responsible for the coordination and quality control of all work conducted by the Chair of Materials and Methods in Digital Construction at the Department of Materials Engineering at TU Munich.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

M. Sc. Evelien Dorresteijn

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Dorresteijn, Evelien M. Sc.

is a researcher at Institute of Building Materials, Concrete Construction and Fire Safety and works for the project A01.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

M. Sc. Friedrich Herding

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Herding, Friedrich M. Sc.

M. Sc. Friedrich Herding is a research associate in the working group of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Lowke. He is researching the material-process interaction in the SCA process.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

M. Sc. Niklas Meier

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Meier, Niklas M. Sc.

is a research associate in the work group of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Arno Kwade. He is responsible for the development of tailored particles for the SCA process.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Dr.-Ing. Harald Zetzener

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Zetzener, Harald Dr.-Ing.

deputy director of the institute for particle technology, head of Division Powder and Slurry Processes, supports Prof. Kwade in leading the project.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement
Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Networking with other projects Poster   TRR277_A02_Poster_1-DFG-Begutachtung TRR277_A02_Poster_2-DFG-Begutachtung Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Sur…

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christoph Gehlen

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AMC Board
Project leader

Gehlen, Christoph Prof. Dr.-Ing.

Dean of TUM School of Engineering and Design, Head of cbm and leads project A02 and A03. He instructs and advises the academic staff regarding additive manufacturing and concrete technological questions. He is responsible for the coordination and quality control of all work of cbm. Untill Oct. 2021 he was the co-spokesperson of the TRR 277. He then became Dean of TUM School of Engineering and Design and handed over the tasks of Co-Speaker to Kathrin Dörfler.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Arno Kwade

See profile

Project leader

Kwade, Arno Prof. Dr.-Ing.

Head of the institute for particle technology. Head of iPAT and supports the academic staff regarding the conditioning of particle products.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zäh

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Project leader

Zäh, Michael F. Prof. Dr.-Ing.

guides the scientific staff in the execution of the LPBF experiments.He provides guidance in methods for analysing the main mechanisms of action and the correlation of the results for the whole process chain. Head of iwb and supports the academic staff regarding additive manufacturing, alignment and execution of numerical heat transport simulations, questions during validation and process development.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

M. Sc. Markus Freidhofer

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Freidhofer, Markus-Sebastian M. Sc.

Markus Freidhofer is a research associate in the workgroup of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zäh. His research focuses on the combined process of stud welding and wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) for the production of structural reinforcements. This includes the simulation of the combined process, as well as process control and process monitoring for quality-assured manufacturing

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

M. Sc. Leigh Duncan Hamilton

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Hamilton, Leigh Duncan M. Sc.

is a research associate in the work group of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Arno Kwade. He is responsible for the development of tailored particles for the combined process of SPI and WAAM.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kränkel

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Kränkel, Thomas Dr.-Ing.

Head of workgroup concrete technology and assists Prof. Gehlen in leading project A02. He instructs and supports the academic staff regarding additive manufacturing and concrete technological questions.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

M. Sc. Felix Riegger

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Riegger, Felix M. Sc.

is a research associate in the workgroup of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zäh. As an expert in WAAM, he is responsible for the simulation and temperature modelling of the process.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

M. Sc. Alexander Straßer

See profile

Straßer, Alexander M. Sc.

is a research associate at the Workinggroup of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christoph Gehlen. Responsible for research on selective paste intrusion and development of cement pastes.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Dr.-Ing. Harald Zetzener

See profile

Zetzener, Harald Dr.-Ing.

deputy director of the institute for particle technology, head of Division Powder and Slurry Processes, supports Prof. Kwade in leading the project.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement
Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Networking with other projects Poster TRR277_A03_230601_TP_Poster_FP1 TRR277_A03_230601_TP_Poster_FP2 Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Re…

PhD M.Sc. Freek Bos

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Project leader

Bos, Freek PhD M.Sc.

Team Leader for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of Concrete at the TUM School of Engineering and Design

Project(s)

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Johannes Fottner

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Project leader

Fottner, Johannes Prof. Dr.-Ing.

Project leader in A03 and B02. He instructs and supports the academic staff regarding bulk conveying and machine design questions.

Project(s)

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christoph Gehlen

See profile

AMC Board
Project leader

Gehlen, Christoph Prof. Dr.-Ing.

Dean of TUM School of Engineering and Design, Head of cbm and leads project A02 and A03. He instructs and advises the academic staff regarding additive manufacturing and concrete technological questions. He is responsible for the coordination and quality control of all work of cbm. Untill Oct. 2021 he was the co-spokesperson of the TRR 277. He then became Dean of TUM School of Engineering and Design and handed over the tasks of Co-Speaker to Kathrin Dörfler.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

M. Sc. Shengbo Cheng

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Cheng, Shengbo M. Sc.

is a research associate at TUM School of Engineering and Design. He works on structural analysis of functional graded concrete produced by near-nozzle mixing system in A03 and is responsible for evaluating the properties of graded concrete by means of experiments and modelling.

Project(s)

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

M. Sc. Maximilian Dahlenburg

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Dahlenburg, Maximilian M. Sc.

is an expert in mechanical engineering, specialized in development, CAD-Design and construction of complex machines at the Chair of Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics within TUM. He is responsible for design, construction, automation, simulation and optimization of the near-nozzle continuous mixing system developed in A03. Furthermore he is responsible for the material supply and the mat…

Project(s)

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

M. Eng. Benedikt Grimm

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Grimm, Benedikt M. Eng.

is a doctoral researcher at the Centre for Building Material within TUM. He is responsible for the further development of the material established in the first project phase of A03. He further analysis all data, prepares reports, presentations and publications.

Project(s)

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

M. Sc. Maximilian Hechtl

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Hechtl, Maximilian M. Sc.

is a research associate at the Working group of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christoph Gehlen. Expert in material development of Extrusion Concrete for additive manufacturing.

Project(s)

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kränkel

See profile

Kränkel, Thomas Dr.-Ing.

Head of workgroup concrete technology and assists Prof. Gehlen in leading project A02. He instructs and supports the academic staff regarding additive manufacturing and concrete technological questions.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

M. Sc. Michael Unterreiner

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Unterreiner, Michael M. Sc.

has a background in industrial engineering and biomimetics. Currently he is a doctoral student at the Chair of Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics within TUM and is responsible for the design, automation, and advancement of the near-nozzle continuous mixing system that was developed during the first project phase of A03.

Project(s)

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement
Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Networking with other projects Poster TRR277_A04_Poster_1-DFG-Begutachtung TRR277_A04_Poster_2-DFG-Begutachtung Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP)…

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Dröder

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Project leader

Dröder, Klaus Prof. Dr.-Ing.

advises the scientific staff in continuous consideration of the defined research objectives and investigates opportunities to generate novel research projects and publications. He is responsible for the content and organisational coordination of all work on the part of IWF.

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Kloft

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AMC Board
Project leader

Kloft, Harald Prof. Dr.-Ing.

leads the scientific staff in the orientation and execution of the design process creation and supports them in an advisory capacity in the creation of test geometries and demonstrators. He is responsible for the content and organisational coordination of all work on the part of ITE. He instructs the research engineer at ITE in the conceptual structure, execution and evaluation of the theoretical and experimental research work. He is the spokesperson of the TRR 277.

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

Project C 05

Jointing Principles for Combination of Concrete Elements Produced by Different Additive Manufacturing Processes

Central tasks
Overview Central tasks of the AMC

Central Tasks of the AMC

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Lowke

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AMC Board
Project leader

Lowke, Dirk Prof. Dr.-Ing.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Lowke is Chair of Materials and Methods in Digital Construction. He will advise the scientific staff in carrying out their work in line with the formulated project aims. He is responsible for the coordination and quality control of all work conducted by the Chair of Materials and Methods in Digital Construction at the Department of Materials Engineering at TU Munich.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Dr.-Ing. Abtin Baghdadi

See profile

Baghdadi, Abtin Dr.-Ing.

is a research associate at Institute of Structural Design (ITE) of TU Braunschweig. He is responsible for experimental, theoretical and numerical research work as well as for the coordination of the cooperations within the SFB.

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Project C 05

Jointing Principles for Combination of Concrete Elements Produced by Different Additive Manufacturing Processes

M. Sc. David Böhler

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Böhler, David M. Sc.

is a research assistant at the Technical University of Munich in the group of Prof. Dr. Lowke. Together with Jennifer Rudolph, he will lead and organise the material development and testing programme as well as the data analysis and material modelling within the Lowke group. David Böhler will focus on investigating the durability of 3D printed concrete.

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

M. Sc. Martin David

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David, Martin M. Sc.

is a doctoral researcher at the Institute for Machine Tools and Production Technology (IWF) at TU Braunschweig. He is working on the development of different end effectors for an automated concrete reinforcement as well as the surface processing of printed SC3DP elements. Additionally he is developing different nozzle geometries for the SC3DP process. Moreover, he will frequently publish the resul…

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

M. Sc. Robin Dörrie

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Dörrie, Robin M. Sc.

is a doctoral researcher for the duration of the research project. He is leading the A04 project and organising the development of new concepts and strategies for the integration of reinforcement in SC3DP elements. Furthermore he is investigating the SC3DP process, its limitations and the spatial effect for the application in architecture and design within the work group of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald K…

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

M. Sc. Niklas Freund

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Freund, Niklas M. Sc.

is a doctoral researcher for the duration of the research project. He will lead and organise the material development and testing program as well as the data evaluation and material modelling work within WG Lowke. Moreover, he will frequently publish the results achieved within the community.

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

M. Sc. Manuel Megnet

See profile

Megnet, Manuel M. Sc.

is a doctoral researcher at the Institute for Machine Tools and Production Technology (IWF) at TU Braunschweig. He is working on the development of different end effectors for an automated concrete reinforcement. Additionally he is developing different nozzle geometries for the SC3DP process. Moreover, he will frequently publish the results achieved within the community.

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

M. Sc. Anna Marie Opolka

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Opolka, Anna Marie M. Sc.

is a doctoral researcher at the Institute for Machine Tools and Production Technology (IWF) at TU Braunschweig. She is specialized in robotic manufacturing processes, especially for additive manufacturing and supports the development for the processing of printed SC3DP elements within project A04.

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

M. Sc. Jennifer Rudolph

See profile

Rudolph, Jennifer

is a research assistant at the Technical University of Braunschweig in the group of Prof. Dr. Lowke. Together with David Böhler, she will lead and organise the material development and testing programme as well as the data analysis and material modelling within the Lowke group. Jennifer Rudolph will focus on investigating the mix designs as well as the environmental and rheological optimisation of…

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality
Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Networking with other projects Poster TRR277_A05_Poster_1-DFG-Review_Last VTRR277_A05_Poster_2-DFG-Review_Last V Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturi…

Prof. Dr. sc. ETH Zurich Dipl. Ing. M.A. AA Norman Hack

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AMC Board
Project leader

Hack, Norman Dipl.-Ing. M.A. AA

is supervising ITE`s requested doctoral researcher during all phases of the research. Additionally, he is actively involved in the conceptual phase, developing reinforcement concepts for the different AM methods.

Project(s)

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

Project C 06

Integration of Additive Manufacturing in the Construction Process

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christian Hühne

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Project leader

Hühne, Christian Prof. Dr.-Ing.

leads the iAF scientific staff in the development and construction of the winding head, the manufacturing process of the reinforcement from FRP with different curing resins, and in questions of the damage of the FRP by the shotcreting process.

Project(s)

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

M. Sc. Stefan Gantner

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Gantner, Stefan M. Sc.

investigates fibre reinforcement strategies as doctoral researcher. In collaboration with project partners he develops techniques for processing fibres to obtain suitable reinforcement structures for different AM methods. Beyond conception his work scope ranges from deriving representative part designs to physical testing including prototyping of toolings.

Project(s)

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Dr.-Ing. Samim Mehdizadeh

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Mehdizadeh, Samim Dr.-Ing.

Dr.-Ing. Samim Mehdizadeh co-leads research activities and supervises doctoral researchers in the areas of lightweight concrete, on-site robotic fabrication, and multi-robotic fabrication. Within the Collaborative Research Center TRR 277 “Additive Manufacturing in Construction” (AMC), he supports Prof. Norman Hack as Postdoctoral Researcher in leading the research projects A-05 and A-09 at the Ins…

Project(s)

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

M. Sc. Philip Thiele

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Thiele, Philip M. Sc.

investigates the usability and properties of prefabricated fiber reinforcements, which are produced in a robotic winding process, for various AM processes. This includes the further development and sensing of an automated production process of fiber reinforcement for the requirements of the project. In addition, his work ranges from the integration of it into a self-controlling robotic winding pro…

Project(s)

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete
Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

Networking with other projects Poster TRR277_A06_Poster_1-DFG-BegutachtungTRR277_A06_Poster_2-DFG-Begutachtung Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and…

Dr.-Ing. Christina Radlbeck

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Project leader

Radlbeck, Christina Dr.-Ing.

leads scientific teams for AM, fatigue and fracture and aluminium at MB and is responsible for the MB Laboratory. She supervises experiments and provides assistance in analysis and interpre- tation of results

Project(s)

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zäh

See profile

Project leader

Zäh, Michael F. Prof. Dr.-Ing.

guides the scientific staff in the execution of the LPBF experiments.He provides guidance in methods for analysing the main mechanisms of action and the correlation of the results for the whole process chain. Head of iwb and supports the academic staff regarding additive manufacturing, alignment and execution of numerical heat transport simulations, questions during validation and process development.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

M. Sc. Jakob Blankenhagen

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Blankenhagen, Jakob M. Sc.

is a doctoral researcher: Conducts scientific studies for the duration of the research project. Performs mechanical testing, fatigue testing, fracture mechanics testing, metallurgical analysis, and investigates the influence of geometry on structural performance. Analyzes all data and prepares reports, presentations, and publications.

Project(s)

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

M. Sc. Dorina Siebert

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Siebert, Dorina M. Sc.

Doctoral researcher: carrying out scientific studies. She will play a decisive role in planning and conducting fatigue and fracture testing. The evaluation and interpretation of test results is also one of her tasks. Finally she undertakes statistical considerations, which are intended to serve as a basis for the development of design guidelines.”

Project(s)

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

M. Sc. Julia Suchowerchov

See profile

Suchowerchov, Julia M. Sc

is a research associate in the working group of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zäh. As an expert in powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam (PBF-LB/M), she is responsible for the manufacturing process. Her research focuses on process parameter and process monitoring studies to improve material characterization. In addition, she conducts scientific investigations on the manufacturability of compl…

Project(s)

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.
Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Networking with other projects Poster TRR277_A07_Poster_1-DFG-BegutachtungTRR277_A07_Poster_2-DFG-Begutachtung Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components Pro…

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jonas Hensel

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Project leader

Hensel, Jonas Uni.-Prof. Dr.-Ing.

is Professor for Welding Engineering at Chemnitz University of Technology and takes responsibility for the management of this project in terms of content and organisation as well as the cooperation with project partners within the TRR 277. Furthermore, he supervises the research assistant of WG Hensel for welding experiments, metallographic characterisation, numerical analysis and residual stress determination.

Project(s)

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Kloft

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AMC Board
Project leader

Kloft, Harald Prof. Dr.-Ing.

leads the scientific staff in the orientation and execution of the design process creation and supports them in an advisory capacity in the creation of test geometries and demonstrators. He is responsible for the content and organisational coordination of all work on the part of ITE. He instructs the research engineer at ITE in the conceptual structure, execution and evaluation of the theoretical and experimental research work. He is the spokesperson of the TRR 277.

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

Project C 05

Jointing Principles for Combination of Concrete Elements Produced by Different Additive Manufacturing Processes

Central tasks
Overview Central tasks of the AMC

Central Tasks of the AMC

Dr.-Ing. Julian Unglaub

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Project leader

Unglaub, Julian Dr.-Ing.

is head of division Material behavior at IS and takes responsibility for management of this project in terms of content and organization. He supervises the research assistants of WG Thiele for novel material and component testing methods based on MultiCam Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and the development of complex material models to describe WAAM-component behavior.

Project(s)

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

M. Sc. Martin Gabriel Altobelli

See profile

Altobelli, Martin Gabriel M. Sc.

studied mechanical engineering and recently completed my Master’s degree in Advanced Manufacturing at the Chair of Welding Technology at Chemnitz University of Technology. His thesis focused on a topic from the TRR 277 project, specifically the optimization of component accuracy in the DED-Arc process. He is now working as a researcher and PhD student, focusing on the learning-by-printing approach…

Project(s)

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Dr. Kevin Höfer

See profile

Höfer, Kevin Dr.

Kevin Hoefer works as a post-doc at the Chair of Welding Technology and is responsible for the department “Materials and Design”. In the project, he supports Prof. Jonas Hensel in the administration and management of A07, in particular in the areas of welding experiments, metallographic characterisation and residual stress determination.

Project(s)

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

M. Sc. Florian Jurke

See profile

Jurke, Florian M. Sc.

is a research associate at the Chair of Welding Engineering at Chemnitz University of Technology. His focus is process analysis of arc-processes. He is particularly concerned with sensor integration and anomaly detection in arc-welding processes and additive manufacturing with wire and arc (DED-Arc).

Project(s)

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Dr.-Ing. Lukas Ledderose

See profile

Ledderose, Lukas M. Sc.

is a postdoctoral researcher at the ITE. He is responsible for design strategies and possible applications. This includes the development of new structures, semi-finished parts and the concept for on-site WAAM as well as life cycle analysis and the creation of Digital Twins. He also prepares reports, presentations and publications.

Project(s)

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

M. Sc. Marc Müggenburg

See profile

Müggenburg, Marc M. Sc.

doctoral researcher at IS. He is responsible for the planning and execution of all scientific work, both numerical and experimental, in the framework of WAAM. This includes material and component testing, material modeling, analysis of all data, preparation of reports, presentations and publications.

Project(s)

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components
Project A 08 (completed)

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

Networking with other projects Poster TRR277_A08_Poster_1-DFG-Begutachtung Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF) In project A08 a novel fabrication process named ‘individual layer fa…

Dr. rer. nat. Frauke Bunzel

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Project leader

Bunzel, Frauke Dr. rer. nat.

has been working in the field of wood adhesives for many years. She gives guidance and support to the academic staff at WKI regarding the entire adhesive systems including adhesives, particles and pressing parameters.

Project(s)

Project A 08 (completed)

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

Dr.-Ing. Klaudius Henke

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Project leader

Henke, Klaudius Dr.-Ing.

has been working on additive manufacturing in construction for many years. This work also includes additive manufacturing with wood. He leads the project A08 and provides general guidance and support for the academic staff at HBB. In addition, he is responsible for the coordination of the proposed project within the TRR 277. He was a member of the AMC Board for the first funding period 2020-2023.

Project(s)

Project A 08 (completed)

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

M. Sc. Carsten Aßhoff

See profile

Aßhoff, Carsten M. Sc.

is research associate at Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research – Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut WKI. In his doctoral research the focus is on the material development for additive manufacturing with wood.

Project(s)

Project A 08 (completed)

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

M. Sc. Birger Buschmann

See profile

Buschmann, Birger M. Sc.

is a mechanical engineer and doctoral researcher at TUM-HBB. For the project A08 he will work out the details of the fabrication process and is responsible for the topic of automatization. In C07 his responsibilities include the development of data acquisition concepts in order to identify relevant process parameters as well as the evaluation of generated data in order to form concepts for regulat…

Project(s)

Project A 08 (completed)

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

Project C 07, Associated

Challenges of Additive Manufacturing – Technical Regulations and Qualification Requirements

M. Sc. Daniel Talke

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Talke, Daniel M. Sc.

is a doctoral researcher and expert on additive manufacturing in construction. His previous work includes extrusion as well as selective binding processes of concrete. He will be responsible at TUM-HBB for all the collaborative work to be executed in conjunction with WKI in project A08, especially for WP 2.

Project(s)

Project A 08 (completed)

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

Project C 07, Associated

Challenges of Additive Manufacturing – Technical Regulations and Qualification Requirements

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

Networking with other projects Poster TRR277_A09_230503_Poster FP2_Begutachtung_Vorlage-PRINTED Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures B…

Prof. Dr. sc. ETH Zurich Dipl. Ing. M.A. AA Norman Hack

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AMC Board
Project leader

Hack, Norman Dipl.-Ing. M.A. AA

is supervising ITE`s requested doctoral researcher during all phases of the research. Additionally, he is actively involved in the conceptual phase, developing reinforcement concepts for the different AM methods.

Project(s)

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

Project C 06

Integration of Additive Manufacturing in the Construction Process

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Inka Mai

See profile

Project leader

Mai, Inka Dr.-Ing.

is Junior-Professor at the Institute of Civil Engineering, Department of Robotic Manufacturing of the Built Environment at Technische Universität Berlin. 

Project(s)

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

M. Sc. Leon Döring

See profile

Döring, Leon M. Sc.

has a background in architecture. Currently, he is a research associate at the Institute of Structural Design (ITE) at TU Braunschweig. His work on Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) focuses on investigating strategies for design and fabrication as well as architectural applications. In collaboration with material researchers from TU Berlin, he conducts experiments on material and fabrication…

Project(s)

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

M. Sc. Ando Anatol Nepomuk Jacobi

See profile

Jacobi, Ando M. Sc.

Is a doctoral researcher at the Department of Robotic Manufacturing of the Built Environment at TU Berlin. His work in Project A09 focuses on investigating material and process parameters with regards to Injection Printing. This includes the fabrication of specimen using Injection Printing as well as studies on material properties. Project(s) Project A 09 Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – M…

Project(s)

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

Dr.-Ing. Samim Mehdizadeh

See profile

Mehdizadeh, Samim Dr.-Ing.

Dr.-Ing. Samim Mehdizadeh co-leads research activities and supervises doctoral researchers in the areas of lightweight concrete, on-site robotic fabrication, and multi-robotic fabrication. Within the Collaborative Research Center TRR 277 “Additive Manufacturing in Construction” (AMC), he supports Prof. Norman Hack as Postdoctoral Researcher in leading the research projects A-05 and A-09 at the Ins…

Project(s)

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

M. Sc. Yinan Xiao

See profile

Xiao, Yinan M.Sc.

Is a doctoral researcher at the Institute of Structural Design (ITE) at TU Braunschweig.

Project(s)

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

Networking with other projects Poster TRR277_A10_Poster_1-DFG-Begutachtung     Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials In rec…

Prof. Dr. sc. ETH Kathrin Dörfler

See profile

AMC Board
Project leader

Dörfler, Kathrin Prof. Dr. sc. ETH

leads the scientific staff in the conception and execution of the research, and in questions of validation of the proposed methods. She is also responsible for the coordination of the cooperating research projects in the TRR 277. She is the Co-Spokesperson of the TRR 277. Dörfler supports Kloft as contact person for the DFG, in general public relation matters and also in representing the TRR 277 externally. Internally, Dörfler assists Kloft in the coordination between the research projects, as well as in the decisions on the financing of research tasks in the TRR 277.

Project(s)

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

Project B 05

Principles of Mobile Robotics for Additive Manufacturing in Construction

Öffentlichkeitsarbeit – Projekt Ö

Learning, Sustainability, Design: Gender-equitable introduction of AMC to the public

Central tasks
Overview Central tasks of the AMC

Central Tasks of the AMC

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Kloft

See profile

AMC Board
Project leader

Kloft, Harald Prof. Dr.-Ing.

leads the scientific staff in the orientation and execution of the design process creation and supports them in an advisory capacity in the creation of test geometries and demonstrators. He is responsible for the content and organisational coordination of all work on the part of ITE. He instructs the research engineer at ITE in the conceptual structure, execution and evaluation of the theoretical and experimental research work. He is the spokesperson of the TRR 277.

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

Project C 05

Jointing Principles for Combination of Concrete Elements Produced by Different Additive Manufacturing Processes

Central tasks
Overview Central tasks of the AMC

Central Tasks of the AMC

Prof. Dr. (PhD) Alisa Machner

See profile

Project leader

Machner, Alisa Prof. Dr. (PhD)

is Professor at School of Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering – Technical University of Munich. In her doctoral research the focus is on dolomite calcined clay composite cement.

Project(s)

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

M. Sc. Hannes Eichler

See profile

Eichler, Hannes M. Sc.

is a structural engineer and doctoral researcher at the TUB Institute for Structural Design (ITE). He is responsible for Project A10 where he is researching on Sprayed Earth Additive Manufacturing (SEAM). This includes general investigations on earthen constructions as well as development of the SEAM process and the optimization of material-process interactions. Within the project, he will carry o…

Project(s)

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

M.Sc. Joschua Gosslar

See profile

Gosslar, Joschua M.Sc.

Project(s) Project A 10 Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

Project(s)

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

M. Sc. Ema Krakovska

See profile

Krakovska, Ema M. Sc.

is a researcher at the TT Professorship for Digital Fabrication within TUM.  She received her architecture master’s degree at TUM in 2022, focusing on computational methods in architecture.  Project(s) Project A 10 Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

Project(s)

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

M. Sc. Sofia Tsiotou

See profile

Tsiotou, Sofia M. Sc.

is a doctoral researcher at the TUM Professorship of Mineral Construction Materials with a focus on clays and clay minerals for the purposes of the A10 project.

Project(s)

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

M. Sc. Diana Zavaleta

See profile

Zavaleta, Diana M. Sc.

is a civil engineer and doctoral researcher at the TU Braunschweig Institute for Structural Design (ITE). She is responsible for Project A10, where she is conducting research on Sprayed Earth Additive Manufacturing (SEAM). Her work involves exploring earthen construction techniques, enhancing the SEAM process, and optimizing material-process interactions. Within this project, she focuses on materi…

Project(s)

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

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]]> Project A 01 https://amc-trr277.de/projects/project-area-a/focus-area-project-a01/ Fri, 19 Nov 2021 15:14:00 +0000 http://amc-trr277.de/?post_type=projects&p=3407 The post Project A 01 appeared first on Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277.

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Approach

Visuals

Networking with other projects

Poster

TRR277_A01_Poster_1-DFG-Begutachtung
 TRR277_A01_Poster_2-DFG-Begutachtung

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

The focus of this project is on particle-bed 3D printing (PB3DP) by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) with the aim to gain a fundamental understanding of the involved material-process interactions. In SCA a liquid is selectively applied on a dry particle-bed, consisting of fine aggregates and cement, so that the hydration reaction of the cement and thus the hardening only occurs locally. This process allows in particular the manufacturing of free formed elements with almost no restrictions in shape and topology.

Aim

The goal of this project is a fundamental understanding of the material-process interactions in particle-bed 3D printing by Selective Cement Activation. This is necessary to tailor both the material and the process to obtain the desired component properties.

Networking with other projects

TThe collaborations will specifically address the following aspects: The usage of RC material for SCA printing (A02), reinforcement integration (A05), computational modelling of the fluid intrusion into the particle-bed (B03), fracture analysis of hardened-state material (C01), shape optimisation of 3D printed elements (C02), sharing expert knowledge about SCA (C04), jointing principles (C05) and the evaluation of the ecological footprint of SCA printing (C09)

Project leaders

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Arno Kwade

See profile

Project leader

Kwade, Arno Prof. Dr.-Ing.

Head of the institute for particle technology. Head of iPAT and supports the academic staff regarding the conditioning of particle products.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Lowke

See profile

AMC Board
Project leader

Lowke, Dirk Prof. Dr.-Ing.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Lowke is Chair of Materials and Methods in Digital Construction. He will advise the scientific staff in carrying out their work in line with the formulated project aims. He is responsible for the coordination and quality control of all work conducted by the Chair of Materials and Methods in Digital Construction at the Department of Materials Engineering at TU Munich.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Contributors

M. Sc. Evelien Dorresteijn

See profile

Dorresteijn, Evelien M. Sc.

is a researcher at Institute of Building Materials, Concrete Construction and Fire Safety and works for the project A01.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

M. Sc. Friedrich Herding

See profile

Herding, Friedrich M. Sc.

M. Sc. Friedrich Herding is a research associate in the working group of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Lowke. He is researching the material-process interaction in the SCA process.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

M. Sc. Niklas Meier

See profile

Meier, Niklas M. Sc.

is a research associate in the work group of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Arno Kwade. He is responsible for the development of tailored particles for the SCA process.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Dr.-Ing. Harald Zetzener

See profile

Zetzener, Harald Dr.-Ing.

deputy director of the institute for particle technology, head of Division Powder and Slurry Processes, supports Prof. Kwade in leading the project.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Related Publications

Surface modification of bulk material for particle bed 3D concrete printing – Effect on wettability, porosity, and mechanical properties

2025 | N. Meier, F. Herding, H. Zetzener, I. Mai, D. Lowke, A. Kwade: Surface modification of bulk material for particle bed 3D concrete printing – Effect on wettability, porosity, and mechanical properties Advanced Powder Technology, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2025.105123

Data |Zenodo, 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17641009

Improving the Dimensional Accuracy in Selective Cement Activation by w/c-Ratio Gradation

2024 |F. Herding, D. Lowke: Improving the Dimensional Accuracy in Selective Cement Activation by w/c-Ratio Gradation Fourth RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70031-6_43

 

BREUER X AM: FUNCTIONAL HYBRIDISATION IN CONCRETE BUILDING ENVELOPE ELEMENTS THROUGH ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

2024 |J. Fleckenstein, B. Knychalla, D. Briels, A. Baghdadi, G. Placzek, F. Herding, P. Schwerdtner, T. Auer, D. Lowke, H. Kloft, K. Dörfler, P. Ayres, M. Thomson , R. Sheil, M. Skavara: BREUER X AM: FUNCTIONAL HYBRIDISATION IN CONCRETE BUILDING ENVELOPE ELEMENTS THROUGH ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING Fabricate 2024: Creating Resourceful Futures, 2024, https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.11374766.29

 

Improving the dimensional accuracy in selective cement activation by w/c-ratio gradation

2024 |F. Herding, D. Lowke: Improving the dimensional accuracy in selective cement activation by w/c-ratio gradation, Fourth RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication Munich, RILEM Bookseries, vol 53, Springer,  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70031-6_43

BREUER X AM: Functional hybridisation in concrete building envelope elements through additive manufacturing

2024 |J. Fleckenstein, B. Knychalla, D. Briels, A. Baghdadi, G. Placzek, F. Herding, P. Schwerdtner, T. Auer, D. Lowke, H. Kloft, K. Dörfler, P. Ayres, M. R. Thomsen, B. Sheil, M. Skavara: BREUER X AM: Functional hybridisation in concrete building envelope elements through additive manufacturing, Fabricate 2024: Creating Resourceful Futures, UCL Press, 2024, 196–205, https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.11374766.29

Surfaces of coastal biogenic structures: exploiting advanced digital design and fabrication strategies for the manufacturing of oyster reef and mussel bed surrogates

2024 | J. Hitzegrad, L. Brohmann, F. Herding, K. Pfennings, S. Jonischkies, E. Scharnbeck, J. Mainka, I. Mai, C. Windt, H. Kloft, A. Wehrmann, D. Lowke, N. Goseberg: Surfaces of coastal biogenic structures: exploiting advanced digital design and fabrication strategies for the manufacturing of oyster reef and mussel bed surrogates, Front. Mar. Sci., 11:1395025, 2024, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1395025

Experimental results for mechanical and thermal properties of SCA material

2023 | F. Herding, A. Strasser, D. Briels, D. Lowke, T. Kränkel: Experimental results for mechanical and thermal properties of SCA material, Dataset, TUM: Munich, 2023, https://doi.org/10.14459/2023mp1720074

Reduction of the cement content in Selective Cement Activation

2023 | F. Herding, I. Mai, D. Lowke: Reduction of the cement content in Selective Cement Activation. In: ibausil 2023
https://doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2826

Effect of Grain Size and Layer Thickness on Hardened State Properties in Selective Cement Activation

2023 | F. Herding, I. Mai, D. Lowke: Effect of Grain Size and Layer Thickness on Hardened State Properties in Selective Cement Activation. In: ibausil 2023
https://doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2816

Particle-bed 3D printing by selective cement activation – Influence of process parameters on particle-bed density

2023 | D. Talke, B. Saile, N. Meier, F. Herding, I. Mai, H. Zetzener, A. Kwade, D. Lowke: Particle-bed 3D printing by selective cement activation – Influence of process parameters on particle-bed density. In: Cement and Concrete Research, 168. (2023)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107140

Influence of Material and Process Parameters on Hardened State Properties of Shotcrete 3D-Printed Elements

2022 | Böhler, D., Mai, I., Freund, N., Lachmayer, L., Raatz, A., Lowke, D.: Influence of Material and Process Parameters on Hardened State Properties of Shotcrete 3D-Printed Elements. In: Buswell, R., Blanco, A., Cavalaro, S., Kinnell, P. (eds) Third RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication. DC 2022. RILEM Bookseries, vol 37. Springer, Cham.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06116-5_38

Effect of Curing in Selective Cement Activation

2022 | Herding, F., Mai, I., Lowke, D.: Effect of Curing in Selective Cement Activation. In: Buswell, R., Blanco, A., Cavalaro, S., Kinnell, P. (eds) Third RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication. DC 2022. RILEM Bookseries, vol 37. Springer, Cham.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06116-5_42

Fluid intrusion in powder beds for selective cement activation – an experimental and analytical study

2022 | Mai, I.; Lowke, D.; Perrot, A.: Fluid intrusion in powder beds for selective cement activation – an experimental and analytical study. In: Cement and Concrete Research, CCR 156 (106771), 2022
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106771

 

 

Material-process interactions in particle bed 3D printing and the underlying physics

2022 | Lowke, D.; Mai, I.; Keita, E.; Perrot, A.; Weger, D.; Gehlen, C.; Herding, F.; Zuo, Wenqiang; Roussel, N.: Material-process interactions in particle bed 3D printing and the underlying physics. In: Cement and Concrete Research, CCR 156 (106748), 2022
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106748

Evaluating the Effect of Methyl Cellulose on Hardened State Properties in Selective Cement Activation

2022 | Mai, I., Herding, F., Lowke, D.: Evaluating the Effect of Methyl Cellulose on Hardened State Properties in Selective Cement Activation. In: Buswell, R., Blanco, A., Cavalaro, S., Kinnell, P. (eds) Third RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication. DC 2022. RILEM Bookseries, vol 37. Springer, Cham.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06116-5_43

Material-process interactions in particle bed 3D printing and the underlying physics

2022 |Lowke, D.; Mai, I.; Keita, E.; Perrot, A.; Weger, D,; Gehlen, C.; Herding, F.; Zuo, W.; Roussel, N.: Material-process interactions in particle bed 3D printing and the underlying physics, In: Cement and Concrete Research, Volume 156, June 2022, 106748, DOI: http//:doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106748

Fluid intrusion in powder beds for selective cement activation – An experimental and analytical study

2022 |Lowke, D.; Mai, I.; Perrot, A.: Fluid intrusion in powder beds for selective cement activation – An experimental and analytical study, In: Cement and Concrete Research, Volume 156, June 2022, 106748, DOI: http//:doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106771

Particle bed 3D printing by selective cement activation – Applications, material and process technology

2020 | Lowke, D.; Talke, D.; Dreßler, I.; Weger, D.; Gehlen, C.; Ostertag, C.; Rael, R.: Particle bed 3D printing by selective cement activation – Applications, material and process technology. In: Cement and Concrete Research 134,2020. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106077.

More projects of
Focus Area A

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Project A 08 (completed)

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

The post Project A 01 appeared first on Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277.

]]> Project A 02 https://amc-trr277.de/projects/project-area-a/focus-area-project-a02/ Fri, 19 Nov 2021 15:17:42 +0000 http://amc-trr277.de/?post_type=projects&p=3410 The post Project A 02 appeared first on Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277.

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Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Selective paste intrusion (SPI) is a particle-bed-based additive manufacturing technology in which aggregates are spread in thin layers and bonded by cement paste. To qualify SPI for structural concrete elements, the inclusion of reinforcement is mandatory. The innovation introduced here is that reinforcement will be implemented simultaneously in the SPI process using Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). Different active and passive cooling strategies, e.g. particle surface functionalization and the synthesis of new particles, will be developed to deal with the high temperatures during WAAM.

Objective

Combination of SPI and WAAM:

  • 3D printable WAAM reinforcement with properties comparable to those of conventional rebars, validated through experiments and simulation
  • Development of tailored particles for cooling and storing water for the combined SPI+WAAM process
  • Optimized cement paste for enhanced temperatures

Approach

At the cbm, the Selective Paste Intrusion (SPI) is being researched. One research focus is the integration of reinforcement using Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) during the printing process. Due to the temperature loads of the WAAM process, the system limits, such as the maximum temperature load in the SPI process, must first be quantified. From this, process parameters and strategies to reduce the temperatures are derived and also researched. Approaches here are the functionalization of the aggregates and optimization of the cement paste formulation to withstand higher temperatures. However, an increase in the distance between the particle-bed and the printer nozzles and active cooling of the WAAM process are strategies for reducing the temperature load. The aim is to combine the two individual processes, SPI and WAAM, into one process and produce a demonstrator.

The Institute for Particle Technology is conducting a closer inspection into developing tailored particles suitable for the hybrid process. On the one hand, an optimal combination of particle size distribution and morphology of the aggregate particles as well as cement paste are to be found to support the process. On the other hand, the effect of certain additives on both components are being studied to reduce or withstand the remaining thermal load. One approach involves integrating additional water into the aggregate bulk material and cement paste whilst maintaining sufficient material properties for SPI. Further studies will involve combining the aforementioned with binding accelerators to increase process speed.

At the iwb, suitable process parameters for the production of WAAM-manufactured reinforcement structures are identified and process investigations are conducted with an experimental setup. Thereby, the cooling behaviour of the manufactured reinforcement geometries is analysed using thermographic imaging. Based on this, the cause-effect relationships in WAAM of the steel reinforcement are quantified by regression analyses. Numerical process models are created to extend the understanding of the process. These models describe the temperature distribution in the WAAM-manufactured component and consider the influences of specifically cooled areas. Thus, a suitable cooling strategy can be derived theoretically and be validated, after integration into the experimental set-up.

Networking with other projects

  • A01: Permanent exchange of the project status within the workgroup
  • A03: Permanent exchange of the project status within the workgroup
  • A04: Joint series of experiments for the investigation of temperature influences
  • A05: Integration of reinforcement in the SPI process
  • A07: Exchange of process and material parameters of the WAAM reinforcement
  • A08: Exchange about nozzle technology and printer automation (pin roller)
  • C01: Sending of material properties for model calibration
  • C02: Sending of material properties for model calibration
  • C04: Exchange of process parameters for BIM
  • C06: Sending of an SPI printed test object for 3D-laser scanning test measurements

Project leaders

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christoph Gehlen

See profile

AMC Board
Project leader

Gehlen, Christoph Prof. Dr.-Ing.

Dean of TUM School of Engineering and Design, Head of cbm and leads project A02 and A03. He instructs and advises the academic staff regarding additive manufacturing and concrete technological questions. He is responsible for the coordination and quality control of all work of cbm. Untill Oct. 2021 he was the co-spokesperson of the TRR 277. He then became Dean of TUM School of Engineering and Design and handed over the tasks of Co-Speaker to Kathrin Dörfler.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Arno Kwade

See profile

Project leader

Kwade, Arno Prof. Dr.-Ing.

Head of the institute for particle technology. Head of iPAT and supports the academic staff regarding the conditioning of particle products.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zäh

See profile

Project leader

Zäh, Michael F. Prof. Dr.-Ing.

guides the scientific staff in the execution of the LPBF experiments.He provides guidance in methods for analysing the main mechanisms of action and the correlation of the results for the whole process chain. Head of iwb and supports the academic staff regarding additive manufacturing, alignment and execution of numerical heat transport simulations, questions during validation and process development.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

Contributors

M. Sc. Markus Freidhofer

See profile

Freidhofer, Markus-Sebastian M. Sc.

Markus Freidhofer is a research associate in the workgroup of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zäh. His research focuses on the combined process of stud welding and wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) for the production of structural reinforcements. This includes the simulation of the combined process, as well as process control and process monitoring for quality-assured manufacturing

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

M. Sc. Leigh Duncan Hamilton

See profile

Hamilton, Leigh Duncan M. Sc.

is a research associate in the work group of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Arno Kwade. He is responsible for the development of tailored particles for the combined process of SPI and WAAM.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kränkel

See profile

Kränkel, Thomas Dr.-Ing.

Head of workgroup concrete technology and assists Prof. Gehlen in leading project A02. He instructs and supports the academic staff regarding additive manufacturing and concrete technological questions.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

M. Sc. Felix Riegger

See profile

Riegger, Felix M. Sc.

is a research associate in the workgroup of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zäh. As an expert in WAAM, he is responsible for the simulation and temperature modelling of the process.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

M. Sc. Alexander Straßer

See profile

Straßer, Alexander M. Sc.

is a research associate at the Workinggroup of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christoph Gehlen. Responsible for research on selective paste intrusion and development of cement pastes.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Dr.-Ing. Harald Zetzener

See profile

Zetzener, Harald Dr.-Ing.

deputy director of the institute for particle technology, head of Division Powder and Slurry Processes, supports Prof. Kwade in leading the project.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Related Publications

Selective Paste Intrusion – An Additive Manufacturing Technique to produce customized Building Components with enhanced Thermal Insulating Performance

2024 | A. Straßer, D. Briels, T. Kränkel, C. Gehlen, T. Auer: Selective Paste Intrusion – An Additive Manufacturing Technique to produce customized Building Components with enhanced Thermal Insulating Performance HiPerMat 2024, 2024, https://doi.org/10.17170/kobra-202402059519

Additive Manufacturing of Steel-Reinforced Concrete by Combination of Selective Paste Intrusion and Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing: Impact of Heat Generated by WAAM on Bond Behavior of the Reinforcement

2025 | A.Straßer, F.Riegger, T. Kränkel, C. Gehlen: Additive Manufacturing of Steel-Reinforced Concrete by Combination of Selective Paste Intrusion and Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing: Impact of Heat Generated by WAAM on Bond Behavior of the Reinforcement Materials, 2025, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235455

Data |Zenodo, 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16562375

Additive manufacturing by the selective paste intrusion: Effect of the distance of the print nozzle to the particle bed on the print quality

2024 | A.Straßer, A. Haynack, T. Kränkel, C. Gehlen: Additive manufacturing by the selective paste intrusion: Effect of the distance of the print nozzle to the particle bed on the print quality Construction and Building Materials, Volume 449, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138274

Data |Zenodo, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138274

The effect of process parameters on the formulation of a dry water-in-air dispersion

2024 | L.D. Hamilton, H. Zetzener, A. Kwade: The effect of process parameters on the formulation of a dry water-in-air dispersion Advanced Powder Technology, 35(7), 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2024.104553

Data | Dataset for the Processing of a Dry Water-in-Air Dispersion, LeoPARD, 2025, https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202503271305-0.

Integration of reinforcement by WAAM — Concept and current research with special attention to cooling strategies

2023 | A. Straßer, F. Riegger, L.D Hamilton, T. Kraenkel, C. Gehlen, M.F. Zaeh, A. Kwade: Selective Paste Intrusion: Integration of reinforcement by WAAM — Concept and current research with special attention to cooling strategies. Construction and Building Materials 2023, 406, 133236.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133236

Bond Behavior of WAAM Reinforcements in Comparison to Conventional Steel Reinforcements

2023 | K. Tischner, S. Rappl, F. Riegger, A. Strasser, K. Osterminski, T. Kraenkel, S. Baehr, M.F. Zaeh, C. Gehlen: Bond Behavior of WAAM Reinforcements in Comparison to Conventional Steel Reinforcements. In: Constr. Mater. 2023, 3, 217–232.
https://doi.org/10.3390/constrmater3020014

Volume flow-based process control for robotic additive manufacturing processes in construction

2023 | L. Lachmayer, N. Müller, T. Herlyn, A. Raatz: Volume flow-based process control for robotic additive manufacturing processes in construction 2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)

Experimental results for mechanical and thermal properties of SCA material

2023 | F. Herding, A. Strasser, D. Briels, D. Lowke, T. Kränkel: Experimental results for mechanical and thermal properties of SCA material, Dataset, TUM: Munich, 2023, https://doi.org/10.14459/2023mp1720074

Thermal conductivity assessment of SCA material with lightweight expanded glass aggregate

2023 | A. Strasser, D. Briels, T. Kränkel, P. Sonnleitner, C. Wiesner, B. Knychalla: Thermal conductivity assessment of SCA material with lightweight expanded glass aggregate, Dataset, TUM: Munich, 2023, https://doi.org/10.14459/2023mp1720075

Integrating Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing into Selective Paste Intrusion for Reinforced Concrete Elements: Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Performance

2023 | A. Straßer, T. Kränkel. C. Gehlen: Integrating Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing into Selective Paste Intrusion for Reinforced Concrete Elements: Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Performance. In: ibausil 2023

Additive Manufacturing by the Selective Paste Intrusion Method: Effect of the Distance of the Print NozzIe to the Particle bed on the Print Quality

2023 | A. Straßer, A. Haynack, T. Kränkel, C. Gehlen: Additive Manufacturing by the Selective Paste Intrusion Method: Effect of the Distance of the Print NozzIe to the Particle bed on the Print Quality. In: Preprints 2023, 2023030236.
https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202303.0236.v1

The Effect of Water, Nanoparticulate Silica and Dry Water on the Flow Properties of Cohesionless Sand

2022 | Hamilton, L. D.; Zetzener, H.; Kwade, A.: The Effect of Water, Nanoparticulate Silica and Dry Water on the Flow Properties of Cohesionless Sand. In: Processes 2022, 10, 2438. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112438

Combining Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing and Selective Paste Intrusion for Additively Manufactured Structural Concrete

2022 | Straßer, A.; Weger, D.; Matthäus, Carla; Kränkel, T.; Gehlen, C.: Combining Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing and Selective Paste Intrusion for Additively Manufactured Structural Concrete. In: Visions and Strategies for Reinforcing Additively Manufactured Concrete Structures 61-72 (2022)

Selective Paste Intrusion: Stability of Cement Paste Mixtures Towards Changing Ambient Temperature

2022 | Straßer, A.; Matthäus, Carla; Weger, D.; Kränkel, T.; Gehlen, C.: Selective Paste Intrusion: Stability of Cement Paste Mixtures Towards Changing Ambient Temperature. In: Third RILEM International Conference 296–301 (2022)

Additive Fertigung von Stahlbewehrungen

2022 | Riegger, F.; Zäh, M. F.: Additive Fertigung von Stahlbewehrungen. In: Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 117 (7-8), S. 448–451. (2022)
DOI: 10.1515/zwf-2022-1091

Bewehrungskonzepte beim 3D-Druck von Konstruktionsbeton

2021 | Lowke, D.; Gehlen, C.; Kloft, H.; Freund, N.; Matthäus, C.: Bewehrungskonzepte beim 3D-Druck von Konstruktionsbeton. In: BfT International, 02.2021, S. 92, 2021.

Dauerhaftigkeit – Potenzial additiver Fertigung und Performance im Vergleich zu konventioneller Fertigung

2021 | Gehlen, C.; Lowke, D.; Weger, D.; Dreßler, I.: Dauerhaftigkeit – Potenzial additiver Fertigung und Performance im Vergleich zu konventioneller Fertigung. In: BfT International, 02.2021, S. 94, 2021.

Penetration of Cement Pastes into Particle-Beds: A Comparison of Penetration Models

2021 | Weger, D.; Pierre, A.; Perrot, A.; Kränkel, T.; Lowke, D.; Gehlen, C.: Penetration of Cement Pastes into Particle-Beds: A Comparison of Penetration Models. In: Materials 2021, 14, 389. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14020389.

Particle-Bed Binding by Selective Paste Intrusion—Strength and Durability of Printed Fine-Grain Concrete Members

2021 | Weger, D.; Gehlen, C.: Particle-Bed Binding by Selective Paste Intrusion—Strength and Durability of Printed Fine-Grain Concrete Members. In: Materials 2021, 14, 586. – DOI: doi.org/10.3390/ma14030586.

Reinforced Particle-Bed Printing by Combination of the Selective Paste Intrusion Method with Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing – A First Feasibility Study

2020 | Weger, D.; Baier, D.; Straßer, A.; Prottung, S.; Kränkel, T.; Bachmann, A.; Gehlen, C.; Zäh, M.: Reinforced Particle-Bed Printing by Combination of the Selective Paste Intrusion Method with Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing – A First Feasibility Study. In: RILEM Bookseries 28, pp. 978–987, 2020. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49916-7_95.

More projects of
Focus Area A

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Project A 08 (completed)

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

The post Project A 02 appeared first on Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277.

]]> Project A 03 https://amc-trr277.de/projects/project-area-a/focus-area-project-a03/ Fri, 19 Nov 2021 15:20:01 +0000 http://amc-trr277.de/?post_type=projects&p=3412 The post Project A 03 appeared first on Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277.

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Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

The gradation of material properties in concrete extrusion allows more efficient use of resources and multifunctional design of components, but represents a particular challenge in pump-based extrusion systems. Therefore, an innovative near-nozzle mixing system, called gradation ready extruding system (GRES), is being developed in A03 which enables immediate gradation of the material properties. This allows to locally extrude different materials ranging from normal to lightweight concrete. Furthermore, the short conveying distances for the fresh concrete facilitate the extrusion of e.g. more sustainable materials that cannot be processed in previous extrusion systems due to impeded workability compared to normal 3D printing materials. The combination of multi-material printing with an automated vertical rebar insertion strives for high performance as well as a precise adjustment of material properties to the local needs and thus for a more sustainable material use.

Aim

Graded Concrete Extrusion

  • Design and construction of a gradation ready near-nozzle mixing system and its implementation on an industrial robot
  • Development of discrete material gradation (with regard to thermal conductivity, strength, and sustainability)
  • Integration of an automated vertical layer reinforcement
  • Conception and production of a multi-material construction element

Approach

Experimental investigation and DEM-Simulation

  • DEM Simulation for system function validation
  • Experiment based development and optimization of process and materials for gradation
  • Quantification and validation of material properties for graded concrete extrusion

Networking with other projects

  • A02: Construction of a demonstrator combining the technologies
  • A04: Collaboration on vertically inserted reinforcement using the same insertion device
  • A05: Evaluation of suitable reinforcement strategies
  • A08: Construction of a demonstrator combining the technologies
  • B04: Collaboration on path planning as well as process and control parameters. Furthermore, collaboration on adaption of insertion device (together with A04)
  • B05: Collaboration on extrusion of (lightweight) concrete, e.g. with regard to material development and supply, as well as on robot control
  • C01: Thermal and geometrical optimization of a lightweight/graded concrete construction element
  • C02: Collaboration on optimization of graded concrete elements; input for simulations
  • C03: Thermal and geometrical optimization of a lightweight/graded concrete construction element
  • C04: Input for BIM
  • C05: Collaboration on dry joints and conception of joints between different AM technologies
  • C06: Discussion on pre-fabrication and in-situ manufacturing
  • C07: Exchange on requirements for standardization processes

Project leaders

PhD M.Sc. Freek Bos

See profile

Project leader

Bos, Freek PhD M.Sc.

Team Leader for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of Concrete at the TUM School of Engineering and Design

Project(s)

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Johannes Fottner

See profile

Project leader

Fottner, Johannes Prof. Dr.-Ing.

Project leader in A03 and B02. He instructs and supports the academic staff regarding bulk conveying and machine design questions.

Project(s)

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christoph Gehlen

See profile

AMC Board
Project leader

Gehlen, Christoph Prof. Dr.-Ing.

Dean of TUM School of Engineering and Design, Head of cbm and leads project A02 and A03. He instructs and advises the academic staff regarding additive manufacturing and concrete technological questions. He is responsible for the coordination and quality control of all work of cbm. Untill Oct. 2021 he was the co-spokesperson of the TRR 277. He then became Dean of TUM School of Engineering and Design and handed over the tasks of Co-Speaker to Kathrin Dörfler.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Contributors

M. Sc. Shengbo Cheng

See profile

Cheng, Shengbo M. Sc.

is a research associate at TUM School of Engineering and Design. He works on structural analysis of functional graded concrete produced by near-nozzle mixing system in A03 and is responsible for evaluating the properties of graded concrete by means of experiments and modelling.

Project(s)

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

M. Sc. Maximilian Dahlenburg

See profile

Dahlenburg, Maximilian M. Sc.

is an expert in mechanical engineering, specialized in development, CAD-Design and construction of complex machines at the Chair of Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics within TUM. He is responsible for design, construction, automation, simulation and optimization of the near-nozzle continuous mixing system developed in A03. Furthermore he is responsible for the material supply and the mat…

Project(s)

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

M. Eng. Benedikt Grimm

See profile

Grimm, Benedikt M. Eng.

is a doctoral researcher at the Centre for Building Material within TUM. He is responsible for the further development of the material established in the first project phase of A03. He further analysis all data, prepares reports, presentations and publications.

Project(s)

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

M. Sc. Maximilian Hechtl

See profile

Hechtl, Maximilian M. Sc.

is a research associate at the Working group of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christoph Gehlen. Expert in material development of Extrusion Concrete for additive manufacturing.

Project(s)

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kränkel

See profile

Kränkel, Thomas Dr.-Ing.

Head of workgroup concrete technology and assists Prof. Gehlen in leading project A02. He instructs and supports the academic staff regarding additive manufacturing and concrete technological questions.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

M. Sc. Michael Unterreiner

See profile

Unterreiner, Michael M. Sc.

has a background in industrial engineering and biomimetics. Currently he is a doctoral student at the Chair of Materials Handling, Material Flow, Logistics within TUM and is responsible for the design, automation, and advancement of the near-nozzle continuous mixing system that was developed during the first project phase of A03.

Project(s)

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Related Publications

Properties of the transition region in 3D printed functionally graded concrete through Near Nozzle Binder-Aggregate Mixing (NNBAM)

2026 | S. Cheng, B. Grimm, M. Unterreiner, M. Hechtl, M. Dahlenburg, T. Kränkel, J. Fottner, C. Gehlen, F. Bos: Properties of the transition region in 3D printed functionally graded concrete through Near Nozzle Binder-Aggregate Mixing (NNBAM) Construction and Building Materials, Volume 520. 2026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2026.145990

Data | Zenodo, 2026, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18899746

Workflow for geometric evaluation, mechanical testing and simulation of DED-Arc additively manufactured high-strength low-alloy steel components for local buckling

2025 | M. Müggenburg, H. Jahns, K. Thiele, J. Müller, J. Hensel, J. Unglaub: Workflow for geometric evaluation, mechanical testing and simulation of DED-Arc additively manufactured high-strength low-alloy steel components for local buckling Structures, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108374

Data | Zenodo, 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14205492.

Virtual Prototyping mit DEM zur Entwicklung eines Near-Nozzle-Mixing Verfahrens für den additiven 3D Betondruck für den Roboter Einsatz

2021 | Tan, Y.; Dahlenburg, M.; Kessler, S.; Fottner, J.: Virtual Prototyping mit DEM zur Entwicklung eines Near-Nozzle-Mixing Verfahrens für den additiven 3D Betondruck für den Roboter Einsatz. In: 25. Fachtagung Schüttgutfördertechnik. OVGU Magdeburg, 2021.

Interlayer Reinforcement Combined with Fiber Reinforcement for Extruded Lightweight Mortar Elements

2020 | Matthäus, C.; Kofler, N.; Kränkel, T.; Weger, D.; Gehlen, C.: Interlayer Reinforcement Combined with Fiber Reinforcement for Extruded Lightweight Mortar Elements. In: Materials 2020, 13, 4778, 2020. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13214778.

More projects of
Focus Area A

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Project A 08 (completed)

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

The post Project A 03 appeared first on Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277.

]]> Project A 04 https://amc-trr277.de/projects/project-area-a/focus-area-project-a04/ Fri, 19 Nov 2021 15:20:59 +0000 http://amc-trr277.de/?post_type=projects&p=3414 The post Project A 04 appeared first on Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277.

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Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

The project aims to fundamentally understand the Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) technology to manufacture sustainable, multi-objective optimised, reinforced concrete components with precise surface quality and improved building physics via functional integration. It seeks to minimise the carbon footprint of 3D printed structures by exploring various material strategies, such as reducing cement content by increasing the aggregate size or replacing cement with a different binder and design methods to optimise the usage of concrete in order to decrease the overall concrete volume used. Additionally, it focuses on establishing a reliable material and process control, emphasising fresh material laws for printability and durability, real-time monitoring of concrete properties, and component build-up strategies.

Objective

  • Increase sustainability of printed materials and structures
  • Investigate material properties and process interactions
  • Investigation of the durability behaviour and development of new assessment methods for the durability of 3D printed concrete
  • Develop new reinforcement processes
  • Explore novel surface designs & surface qualities
  • Expand to on-site SC3DP

Methods

  • Evolutionary algorithms for force-flow-based designs and reinforcement layouts
  • Adaptive control algorithms for process and material monitoring
  • Experimental studies on fresh-state mechanics and rheology
  • Durability testing of printed materials
  • Combined reinforcement strategies evaluation, considering design and bond behaviour
  • End effectors development for automated reinforcement and free-form surface processing

Networking with other projects

The A04 Project is linked to many other projects on three different Layers. Firstly, the process of SC3DP serves especially the C-Projects as basis for their research as A04 provides test-specimens and data of 3D-printed concrete e.g. for milling connections in C05. Secondly, A04 cooperates with B03 and B04 to monitor the process and its parameters to make it more stable and develop simulations of the process. Lastly, the A-Projects themselves exchange process parameters and techniques for reinforcement integration methods for e.g. post processing of concrete or end effector designs.

Project leaders

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Dröder

See profile

Project leader

Dröder, Klaus Prof. Dr.-Ing.

advises the scientific staff in continuous consideration of the defined research objectives and investigates opportunities to generate novel research projects and publications. He is responsible for the content and organisational coordination of all work on the part of IWF.

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Kloft

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AMC Board
Project leader

Kloft, Harald Prof. Dr.-Ing.

leads the scientific staff in the orientation and execution of the design process creation and supports them in an advisory capacity in the creation of test geometries and demonstrators. He is responsible for the content and organisational coordination of all work on the part of ITE. He instructs the research engineer at ITE in the conceptual structure, execution and evaluation of the theoretical and experimental research work. He is the spokesperson of the TRR 277.

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

Project C 05

Jointing Principles for Combination of Concrete Elements Produced by Different Additive Manufacturing Processes

Central tasks
Overview Central tasks of the AMC

Central Tasks of the AMC

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Lowke

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AMC Board
Project leader

Lowke, Dirk Prof. Dr.-Ing.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Lowke is Chair of Materials and Methods in Digital Construction. He will advise the scientific staff in carrying out their work in line with the formulated project aims. He is responsible for the coordination and quality control of all work conducted by the Chair of Materials and Methods in Digital Construction at the Department of Materials Engineering at TU Munich.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Contributors

Dr.-Ing. Abtin Baghdadi

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Baghdadi, Abtin Dr.-Ing.

is a research associate at Institute of Structural Design (ITE) of TU Braunschweig. He is responsible for experimental, theoretical and numerical research work as well as for the coordination of the cooperations within the SFB.

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Project C 05

Jointing Principles for Combination of Concrete Elements Produced by Different Additive Manufacturing Processes

M. Sc. David Böhler

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Böhler, David M. Sc.

is a research assistant at the Technical University of Munich in the group of Prof. Dr. Lowke. Together with Jennifer Rudolph, he will lead and organise the material development and testing programme as well as the data analysis and material modelling within the Lowke group. David Böhler will focus on investigating the durability of 3D printed concrete.

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

M. Sc. Martin David

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David, Martin M. Sc.

is a doctoral researcher at the Institute for Machine Tools and Production Technology (IWF) at TU Braunschweig. He is working on the development of different end effectors for an automated concrete reinforcement as well as the surface processing of printed SC3DP elements. Additionally he is developing different nozzle geometries for the SC3DP process. Moreover, he will frequently publish the resul…

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

M. Sc. Robin Dörrie

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Dörrie, Robin M. Sc.

is a doctoral researcher for the duration of the research project. He is leading the A04 project and organising the development of new concepts and strategies for the integration of reinforcement in SC3DP elements. Furthermore he is investigating the SC3DP process, its limitations and the spatial effect for the application in architecture and design within the work group of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald K…

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

M. Sc. Niklas Freund

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Freund, Niklas M. Sc.

is a doctoral researcher for the duration of the research project. He will lead and organise the material development and testing program as well as the data evaluation and material modelling work within WG Lowke. Moreover, he will frequently publish the results achieved within the community.

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

M. Sc. Manuel Megnet

See profile

Megnet, Manuel M. Sc.

is a doctoral researcher at the Institute for Machine Tools and Production Technology (IWF) at TU Braunschweig. He is working on the development of different end effectors for an automated concrete reinforcement. Additionally he is developing different nozzle geometries for the SC3DP process. Moreover, he will frequently publish the results achieved within the community.

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

M. Sc. Anna Marie Opolka

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Opolka, Anna Marie M. Sc.

is a doctoral researcher at the Institute for Machine Tools and Production Technology (IWF) at TU Braunschweig. She is specialized in robotic manufacturing processes, especially for additive manufacturing and supports the development for the processing of printed SC3DP elements within project A04.

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

M. Sc. Jennifer Rudolph

See profile

Rudolph, Jennifer

is a research assistant at the Technical University of Braunschweig in the group of Prof. Dr. Lowke. Together with David Böhler, she will lead and organise the material development and testing programme as well as the data analysis and material modelling within the Lowke group. Jennifer Rudolph will focus on investigating the mix designs as well as the environmental and rheological optimisation of…

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Related Publications

Human–robot collaboration in digital fabrication with concrete: quantifying productivity and psychophysiological strain of human workers

2026 |B. Sawicki. P. Düking, G. Placzek: Human–robot collaboration in digital fabrication with concrete: quantifying productivity and psychophysiological strain of human workers Constr Robot 10, 4, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41693-025-00173-x

 

Shotcrete 3D printed reinforced concrete beam: design, testing, and comparison against conventional cast reinforced concrete solution

2026 | B. Sawicki, Z. Chen, T. Leusmann: Shotcrete 3D printed reinforced concrete beam: design, testing, and comparison against conventional cast reinforced concrete solution Mater Struct 59, 44, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-026-02945-5

Data | LeoPard, 2026, https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202506031524-0 

From Digital to Real Optimised and Functionally Integrated Shotcrete 3D Printing Elements for Multi-Storey Structures

2025 | R. Dörrie, S. Gantner, F.S. Amiri, L. Lachmayer, M. David, T. Rothe, N. Freund, A. Nouman, K. Mawas, O. Oztoprak, P. Renner: From Digital to Real: Optimised and Functionally Integrated Shotcrete 3D Printing Elements for Multi-Storey Structures, Buildings 2025, Special Issue Robotics, Automation and Digitization in Construction, 2025, https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15091461

Investigation on process guidelines and geometric capabilities for robust shotcrete 3D printing

2025 | R. Dörrie, L. Lachmayer, A. Baghdadi, M. David, K. Dröder, A. Raatz, H. Kloft: Investigation on process guidelines and geometric capabilities for robust shotcrete 3D printing, Materials & Design, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115050

Data | LeoPARD, 2025, https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202510271126-0

Interaction of reinforcement, process, and form in Digital Fabrication with Concrete

2024|H. Kloft, B. Sawicki, F. Bos, R. Dörrie, N. Freund, S. Gantner, L. Gebhard, N. Hack, E. Ivaniuk, J. Kruger, W. Kaufmann: Interaction of reinforcement, process, and form in Digital Fabrication with Concrete, Cement and Concrete Research Volume 186, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107640

Digital fabrication with concrete beyond horizontal planar layers

2024|D. Lowke, A. Anton, R. Buswell, S.E. Jenny, R. J. Flatt, E.L. Fritschi, N. Hack, I. Mai, M. Popescu, H. Kloft: Digital fabrication with concrete beyond horizontal planar layers, Cement and Concrete Research Volume 186, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107663

Investigation on process guidelines and geometric capabilities for robust shotcrete 3D printing

2025 | R. Dörrie, L. Lachmayer, A. Baghdadi, M. David, K. Dröder, A. Raatz, H. Kloft: Investigation on process guidelines and geometric capabilities for robust shotcrete 3D printing Materials & Design, 2025, 115050, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115050

Data |LeoPARD, 2025, https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202510271126-0

Surface Processing of Shotcrete 3D Printed Concrete Elements Using a Rotating Trowel Disc–Influence of Timing on Resulting Surface Quality

2024 | R. Dörrie, M. David, N. Freund, D. Lowke, K. Dröder, H. Kloft: Surface Processing of Shotcrete 3D Printed Concrete Elements Using a Rotating Trowel Disc–Influence of Timing on Resulting Surface Quality RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication, pp. 397-404, Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.

Automated Reinforcement Integration in Shotcrete 3D Printing Through Green State Milling

2024 | R. Dörrie, H. Kloft, B. Sawicki, N. Freund, D. Lowke: Automated Reinforcement Integration in Shotcrete 3D Printing Through Green State Milling RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication, pp. 319-326, Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70031-6_37

Data | Photographs of cross-section of automated reinforcement integration in Shotcrete 3D Printing through green state milling, LeoPARD, 2024, https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202403201419-0

Design and Characterisation of a Two-Component Mortar System for Shotcrete 3D Printing: An Approach to the Targeted Control of Material Properties

2024 |  J. V. Rudolph, D. Lowke: Design and Characterisation of a Two-Component Mortar System for Shotcrete 3D Printing: An Approach to the Targeted Control of Material Properties Proceedings of the RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication, 217–224, Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70031-6_26

Robot-Guided End Effector for an Automated Finishing of Concrete Free-Form Surfaces

2024 | M. David, K. Dröder: Robot-Guided End Effector for an Automated Finishing of Concrete Free-Form Surfaces Fourth RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication Munich, RILEM Bookseries, Volume 53, Springer, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70031-6_7

Data | Bild- und Videodaten zu Versuchsreihe “Verformung von flexiblem Oberflächenendeffektor”, LeoPARD, 2025, https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202503071410-0.

Vibrated Short Rebar Insertion – The Effect of Integration Time on the Resulting Bond Quality

2024 |N. Freund, M. David, K. Dröder, D. Lowke: Vibrated Short Rebar Insertion – The Effect of Integration Time on the Resulting Bond Quality, Proceedings of Fourth RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication (DC 2024), RILEM Bookseries, vol. 53, Springer, Cham, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70031-6_38.

Durability of 3D Printed Concrete: A Comparison of Extrusion 3D Printing, Shotcrete 3D Printing and Conventional Casting

2024 |D. Böhler, I. Mai, D. Lowke: Durability of 3D Printed Concrete: A Comparison of Extrusion 3D Printing, Shotcrete 3D Printing and Conventional Casting, Fourth RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication Munich, RILEM Bookseries, vol 53, Springer, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70031-6_33

Shotcrete 3D printing – effect of material‐process interaction on the global and local material density

2023 |D. Böhler, N. Freund, I. Mai, D. Lowke: Shotcrete 3D printing – effect of material‐process interaction on the global and local material density, ce/papers, 2023, 6, 770–776, https://doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2822

The effects of nozzle diameter and length on the resulting strand properties for shotcrete 3D printing

2023 | David, M., Freund, N., Dröder, K., Lowke, D.: The effects of nozzle diameter and length on the resulting strand properties for shotcrete 3D printing. In: Material and Structures 56, 157 (2023).
https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-023-02246-1

Automated force-flow-oriented reinforcement integration for Shotcrete 3D Printing

2023 | R. Dörrie, N. Freund, E. Herrmann, A. Baghdadi, I., Mai, F. Galli, M. David, K. Dröder, D. Lowke, H. Kloft: Automated force-flow-oriented reinforcement integration for Shotcrete 3D Printing. In: Automation in Construction, 155, p.105075, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2023.105075
https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111806

Shotcrete 3D Printing – Interaction of nozzle geometry, homogeneity and hardened concrete properties

2023 | N. Freund, M. David, D. Böhler, I. Mai, S. Ullmann, K. Dröder, D. Lowke: Shotcrete 3D Printing – Interaction of nozzle geometry, homogeneity and hardened concrete properties. In: International Conference on Building Materials (ibausil) 2023

Shotcrete 3D Printing – Effect of material-process interaction on the global and local material density

2023 | D. Böhler, N. Freund, I. Mai, D. Lowke, D: Shotcrete 3D Printing – Effect of material-process interaction on the global and local material density. In: International Conference on Building Materials (ibausil) 2023

Combined Additive Manufacturing Techniques for Adaptive Coastline Protection Structures

2022 | R. Dörrie, V. Laghi, L. Arrè, G. Kienbaum, N. Babovic, N. Hack, H. Kloft: Combined Additive Manufacturing Techniques for Adaptive Coastline Protection Structures. In: Buildings, vol. 12, no. 11, p. 1806, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111806

Force-Flow compliant robotic path planning approach for reinforced concrete elements

2022 | R. Dörrie, and H. Kloft: Force-Flow compliant robotic path planning approach for reinforced concrete elements. In Proc. Int. Conf. on Concrete and Digital Fabrication, 2022, pp. 370-375.

Implementation of a surrogate model for a novel path-based finite element simulation for additive manufacturing processes in construction

2022 | Ekanayaka, V.; Hürkamp, A. :  Implementation of a surrogate model for a novel path-based finite element simulation for additive manufacturing processes in construction. In: PAMM.  (2022.)


Bewehrungskonzepte beim 3D-Druck von Konstruktionsbeton

2022 | Lowke, D.; Gehlen, C.; Kloft, H.; Freund, N.; Matthäus, C.: Bewehrungskonzepte beim 3D-Druck von Konstruktionsbeton. In: BfT International, 02.2021, S. 92.

Digital Fabrication with Cement-Based Materials: Process Classification and Case Studies

2022 | Buswell, R. A.; Bos, F. P.; Leal da Silva, W. R.; Hack, N.; Kloft, H.; Lowke, D.; Freund, N.; Fromm, A.; Dini, E.; Wangler, T.; Lloret-Fritschi, E.; Schipper, R.; Mechtcherine, V.; Perrot, A.; Vasilic, K.; Roussel, N.: Digital Fabrication with Cement-Based Materials: Process Classification and Case Studies. In: Roussel, N. and Lowke, D. (2022). Digital Fabrication with Cement-Based Materials (Reports 36). RILEM State-of-the-Art. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90535-4_2

Structural Design and Testing of Digitally Manufactured Concrete Structures

2022 | Asprone, D.; Menna, C.; Bos, F.; Mata-Falcón, J.; Ferrara, L.; Auricchio, F.; Cadoni, E.; Cunha, V. M. C. F.; Esposito, L.; Fromm, A.; Grünewald, S.; Kloft, H.; Mechtcherine, V.; Naidu Nerella, V.; Schipper, R.: Structural Design and Testing of Digitally Manufactured Concrete Structures. In: Roussel, N. and Lowke, D. (2022). Digital Fabrication with Cement-Based Materials (Reports 36). RILEM State-of-the-Art. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90535-4_6

Interlayer Reinforcement in Shotcrete-3D-Printing: The Effect of Accelerator Dosage on the Resulting Bond Behavior of Integrated Reinforcement Bars

2022 | Freund, N., & Lowke, D.: Interlayer Reinforcement in Shotcrete-3D-Printing: Interlayer Reinforcement in Shotcrete-3D-Printing: The Effect of Accelerator Dosage on the Resulting Bond Behavior of Integrated Reinforcement Bars. In: Open Conference Proceedings, 1, 83–95, 2022
https://doi.org/10.52825/ocp.v1i.72

Large Particle 3D Concrete Printing – A Green and Viable Solution

2021 | Mai, I.; Brohmann, L.; Freund, N.; Gantner, S.; Kloft, H.; Lowke, D.; Hack, N.: Large Particle 3D Concrete Printing – A Green and Viable Solution. In: Materials, 14, 6125, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14206125.

Integrating reinforcement in digital fabrication with concrete: A review and classification framework

2021 | Mechtcherine, V.; Buswell, R.; Kloft, H.; Bos, F. P.; Hack, N.; Wolfs, R.; Sanjayan, J.; Nematollahi, B.; Ivaniuk, E.; Neef, T.: Integrating reinforcement in digital fabrication with concrete: A review and classification framework. In: Cement and Concrete Composites, 119, 2021. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.103964.

Automated shotcrete 3D printing – Printing interruption for extended component complexity

2021 | Lachmayer, L.; Dörrie, R.; Kloft,H.; Raatz, A.: Automated shotcrete 3D printing – Printing interruption for extended component complexity. In: ISARC, 2021.

New calculation approach for selecting and orienting the reinforcing material for robotic concrete manufacturing

2021 | Baghdadi, A.; Doerrie, R.; Kloft, H.: New calculation approach for selecting and orienting the reinforcing material for robotic concrete manufacturing. In: Proceedings of the IASS Annual Symposium 2020/21 and the 7th International Conference on Spatial Structures Inspiring the Next Generation. 23 – 27 August, Guilford, UK, 2021.

Injection 3D concrete printing in a carrier liquid – Underlying physics and applications to lightweight space frame structures

2021 | Lowke, D.: Injection 3D concrete printing in a carrier liquid – Underlying physics and applications to lightweight space frame structures. In: Cement and Concrete Composites, 2021. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104169.

Bewehrungskonzepte beim 3D-Druck von Konstruktionsbeton

2021 | Lowke, D.; Gehlen, C.; Kloft, H.; Freund, N.; Matthäus, C.: Bewehrungskonzepte beim 3D-Druck von Konstruktionsbeton. In: BfT International, 02.2021, S. 92, 2021.

Dauerhaftigkeit – Potenzial additiver Fertigung und Performance im Vergleich zu konventioneller Fertigung

2021 | Gehlen, C.; Lowke, D.; Weger, D.; Dreßler, I.: Dauerhaftigkeit – Potenzial additiver Fertigung und Performance im Vergleich zu konventioneller Fertigung. In: BfT International, 02.2021, S. 94, 2021.

Additive Fertigung im Bauwesen: 3D-Betondruck als eine Schlüsseltechnologie für die Digitalisierung der Bauwirtschaft

2020 | Hack, N.; Kloft, H.; Lowke, D.: Additive Fertigung im Bauwesen: 3D-Betondruck als eine Schlüsseltechnologie für die Digitalisierung der Bauwirtschaft. In: Ingenieurbaukunst 2020 – Made in Germany, Jahrbuch der Bundesingenieurkammer, S. 178-183, 2020.

Influence of process parameters on the interlayer bond strength of concrete elements additive manufactured by Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP)

2020 | Kloft, H.; Krauss, H.-W.; Hack, N.; Herrmann, E.; Neudecker, S.; Varady, P.; Lowke, D.: Influence of process parameters on the interlayer bond strength of concrete elements additive manufactured by Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP). In: Cement and Concrete Research 134, 2020. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106078.

Bewehrungsstrategien für den Beton-3D-Druck

2020 | Kloft, H.; Empelmann, M.; Hack, N.; Herrmann, E. Lowke, D.: Bewehrungsstrategien für den Beton-3D-Druck. In: Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 115, 2020. – DOI: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/best.202000032.

Studying the Bond Properties of Vertical Integrated Short Reinforcement in the Shotcrete 3D Printing Process

2020 | Freund, N.; Dressler, I.; Lowke, D.: Studying the Bond Properties of Vertical Integrated Short Reinforcement in the Shotcrete 3D Printing Process. In: RILEM Bookseries 28, pp. 612–621, 2020. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49916-7_62.

Control of Strand Properties Produced with Shotcrete 3D Printing by Accelerator Dosage amd Process Parameters

2020 | Dressler, I.; Freund, N.; Lowke, D.: Control of Strand Properties Produced with Shotcrete 3D Printing by Accelerator Dosage amd Process Parameters. In: RILEM Bookseries 28, pp. 42–52, 2020. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49916-7_5.

Experimental and numerical assessment of new precast concrete connections under bending loads

2020 | Baghdadi, A.; Heristchian, M.; Ledderose, L.; Kloft, H.: Experimental and numerical assessment of new precast concrete connections under bending loads. In: Engineering Structures 212, ELSEVIER, 2020. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110456.

A process classification framework for defining and describing Digital Fabrication with Concrete

2020 | Buswell, R.A.; Leal da Silva; W.R.; Bos, F.P.; Schipper, H.R.; Lowke, D.; Hack, N.; Kloft, H.; Mechtcherine, V.; Wangler, T.; Roussel, N.: A process classification framework for defining and describing Digital Fabrication with Concrete. In: Cement and Concrete Research 134, 2020. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106068.

The Effect of Accelerator Dosage on Fresh Concrete Properties and on Interlayer Strength in Shotcrete 3D Printing

2020 | Dreßler, I.; Freund, N.; Lowke, D.: The Effect of Accelerator Dosage on Fresh Concrete Properties and on Interlayer Strength in Shotcrete 3D Printing. In: Materials 2020, 13, 374, 2020. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020374.

Herausforderungen für einen traditionellen Werkstoff auf dem Weg in die Zukunft – Digitaler Beton.

2020 | Lowke, D.: Herausforderungen für einen traditionellen Werkstoff auf dem Weg in die Zukunft – Digitaler Beton. In: BFT International, 02-2020, Vol. 86, S. 75, 2020.

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP): Basic Principles and Case Studies.

2020 | Hack, N.; Dressler, I.; Brohmann, L.; Gantner, S.; Lowke, D.; Kloft, H.: Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP): Basic Principles and Case Studies. In: Materials 2020, 13, 1093, 2020. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13051093.

More projects of
Focus Area A

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Project A 08 (completed)

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

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]]> Project A 05 https://amc-trr277.de/projects/project-area-a/focus-area-project-a05/ Fri, 19 Nov 2021 15:21:13 +0000 http://amc-trr277.de/?post_type=projects&p=3416 The post Project A 05 appeared first on Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277.

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Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

One of the biggest challenges in 3D printing with cementitious materials is the integration of reinforcement. As 3D-printed, unreinforced concrete components can only compensate for limited tensile forces, their range of applications is confined to predominantly compression-stressed components and thus the structural potential of 3D-printed parts remains unrealized. The aim of this project is to develop textile-based reinforcement strategies for additive manufacturing with concrete and to utilize the advantages of textile reinforcement (e.g. corrosion resistance and material flexibility) for the production of material-efficient, individualised structures.

Concept

In this project, different additive manufacturing techniques are being investigated for fabrication strategies to integrate fibre reinforcement. Therefore, a scope of novel processing techniques needs to be developed and tested in terms of structural feasibility and design opportunities for selected building components. Conceptually, all eligible strategies are subsumed under the basic process of winding a flexible fibre reinforcement strand with a digitally controlled robot arm. Prefabrication of the reinforcement is part of this fabrication scenario in order to achieve a continuous process chain and enhance existing concrete 3D printing.

Methods

To fulfil the aims of this project, a Dynamic Winding Machine for the prefabrication of textile-based reinforcement is developed at first place. With it, individually tailored fibre reinforcement strands can be produced at the construction site by the use of raw materials. Due to the fibres’ flexibility, it allows for different robotic winding strategies, which are selected with regard to the possible design applications, the fabrication constraints coming from the specific concrete 3D printing method and the structural requirements.

At this point, three basic winding principles are emerging. Firstly, “Frame Winding” enables an independent generation of a reinforcement structure, where concrete is added in a subsequent step by means of shotcrete 3D printing or extrusion. Secondly, “Pin Grid Winding” allows for the production of individualised flat inlays, that can be inserted parallel to the process of particle bed printing. Lastly, “Core Winding” opens up the possibility of reinforcing a component immediately after the printing process.

Networking with other projects

A close exchange with the A-projects that focus on the additive manufacturing techniques of shotcrete 3D printing, concrete extrusion and particle bed printing (SCA and SPI) is a matter of course in order to be able to specifically address the respective conditions for the automated integration of fibre reinforcement. Further, the robot control and the integration into a fully digital construction process are subjects of the collaborations.

Project leaders

Prof. Dr. sc. ETH Zurich Dipl. Ing. M.A. AA Norman Hack

See profile

AMC Board
Project leader

Hack, Norman Dipl.-Ing. M.A. AA

is supervising ITE`s requested doctoral researcher during all phases of the research. Additionally, he is actively involved in the conceptual phase, developing reinforcement concepts for the different AM methods.

Project(s)

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

Project C 06

Integration of Additive Manufacturing in the Construction Process

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christian Hühne

See profile

Project leader

Hühne, Christian Prof. Dr.-Ing.

leads the iAF scientific staff in the development and construction of the winding head, the manufacturing process of the reinforcement from FRP with different curing resins, and in questions of the damage of the FRP by the shotcreting process.

Project(s)

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Contributors

M. Sc. Stefan Gantner

See profile

Gantner, Stefan M. Sc.

investigates fibre reinforcement strategies as doctoral researcher. In collaboration with project partners he develops techniques for processing fibres to obtain suitable reinforcement structures for different AM methods. Beyond conception his work scope ranges from deriving representative part designs to physical testing including prototyping of toolings.

Project(s)

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Dr.-Ing. Samim Mehdizadeh

See profile

Mehdizadeh, Samim Dr.-Ing.

Dr.-Ing. Samim Mehdizadeh co-leads research activities and supervises doctoral researchers in the areas of lightweight concrete, on-site robotic fabrication, and multi-robotic fabrication. Within the Collaborative Research Center TRR 277 “Additive Manufacturing in Construction” (AMC), he supports Prof. Norman Hack as Postdoctoral Researcher in leading the research projects A-05 and A-09 at the Ins…

Project(s)

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

M. Sc. Philip Thiele

See profile

Thiele, Philip M. Sc.

investigates the usability and properties of prefabricated fiber reinforcements, which are produced in a robotic winding process, for various AM processes. This includes the further development and sensing of an automated production process of fiber reinforcement for the requirements of the project. In addition, his work ranges from the integration of it into a self-controlling robotic winding pro…

Project(s)

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Related Publications

Interaction of reinforcement, process, and form in Digital Fabrication with Concrete

2024|H. Kloft, B. Sawicki, F. Bos, R. Dörrie, N. Freund, S. Gantner, L. Gebhard, N. Hack, E. Ivaniuk, J. Kruger, W. Kaufmann: Interaction of reinforcement, process, and form in Digital Fabrication with Concrete, Cement and Concrete Research Volume 186, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107640

Digital fabrication with concrete beyond horizontal planar layers

2024|D. Lowke, A. Anton, R. Buswell, S.E. Jenny, R. J. Flatt, E.L. Fritschi, N. Hack, I. Mai, M. Popescu, H. Kloft: Digital fabrication with concrete beyond horizontal planar layers, Cement and Concrete Research Volume 186, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107663

Characterisation of the alkaline resistance of fibre reinforcement strands produced in a dynamic fibre winding process for 3D concrete printing

2024 | T. Rothe,S. Gantner, N. Hack, C. Hühne: Characterisation of the alkaline resistance of fibre reinforcement strands produced in a dynamic fibre winding process for 3D concrete printing Proceedings of the fib Symposium, ReConStruct: Resilient Concrete Structures in Christchurch, New Zealand, 11-13 November 2024, pp. 1274–1283.

Data | Zenodo, 2024, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15101881.

A Dynamic Winding Process of Individualized Fibre Reinforcement Structures for Additive Manufacturing in Construction

2023 | T. Rothe, S. Gantner, N. Hack, C. Hühne: A Dynamic Winding Process of Individualized Fibre Reinforcement Structures for Additive Manufacturing in Construction. Open Conference Proceedings (2023)

Optimization of tensile properties and bond behaviour to concrete of fibre reinforcement strands produced within a dynamic fibre winding process

2023 | T. Rothe, J. Pösch, S. Gantner, N. Hack, C. Hühne: Optimization of tensile properties and bond behaviour to concrete of fibre reinforcement strands produced within a dynamic fibre winding process. In: 11th International Conference on Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites in Civil Engineering (CICE 2023), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2023, July
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8133237

Core Winding: Force-Flow Oriented Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete.

2022 | Gantner, S., Rennen, P., Rothe, T., Hühne, C., & Hack, N.: Core Winding: Force-Flow Oriented Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete. In: RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication (pp. 391-396), (2022) Springer, Cham

Jointing Principles in AMC—Part 1: Design and Preparation of Dry Joints

2022 | Lanwer, J.-P.; Weigel, H.; Baghdadi, A.; Empelmann, M.; Kloft, H.: Jointing Principles in AMC—Part 1: Design and Preparation of Dry Joints. In: Applied Sciences, 2022, 12, 4138
https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094138

Digital Fabrication with Cement-Based Materials: Process Classification and Case Studies

2022 | Buswell, R. A.; Bos, F. P.; Leal da Silva, W. R.; Hack, N.; Kloft, H.; Lowke, D.; Freund, N.; Fromm, A.; Dini, E.; Wangler, T.; Lloret-Fritschi, E.; Schipper, R.; Mechtcherine, V.; Perrot, A.; Vasilic, K.; Roussel, N.: Digital Fabrication with Cement-Based Materials: Process Classification and Case Studies. In: Roussel, N. and Lowke, D. (2022). Digital Fabrication with Cement-Based Materials (Reports 36). RILEM State-of-the-Art. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90535-4_2

Reinforcement strategies for additive manufacturing in construction based on Dynamic Fibre Winding: Concepts and initial case studies

2021 | Gantner, S.; Rothe, T.; Hühne, C.; Hack, N.: Reinforcement strategies for additive manufacturing in construction based on Dynamic Fibre Winding: Concepts and initial case studies. In: Vision and Strategies for Reinforcing Additively Manufactured Concrete Structures, Conference, Dresden, Germany, 2021.

Large Particle 3D Concrete Printing – A Green and Viable Solution

2021 | Mai, I.; Brohmann, L.; Freund, N.; Gantner, S.; Kloft, H.; Lowke, D.; Hack, N.: Large Particle 3D Concrete Printing – A Green and Viable Solution. In: Materials, 14, 6125, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14206125.

Integrating reinforcement in digital fabrication with concrete: A review and classification framework

2021 | Mechtcherine, V.; Buswell, R.; Kloft, H.; Bos, F. P.; Hack, N.; Wolfs, R.; Sanjayan, J.; Nematollahi, B.; Ivaniuk, E.; Neef, T.: Integrating reinforcement in digital fabrication with concrete: A review and classification framework. In: Cement and Concrete Composites, 119, 2021. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.103964.

Injection 3D concrete printing in a carrier liquid – Underlying physics and applications to lightweight space frame structures

2021 | Lowke, D.: Injection 3D concrete printing in a carrier liquid – Underlying physics and applications to lightweight space frame structures. In: Cement and Concrete Composites, 2021. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104169.

Development of a Robot-Based Multi-Directional Dynamic Fiber Winding Process for Additive Manufacturing Using Shotcrete 3D Printing

2021 | Hack, N.; Bahar, M.; Hühne, C.; Lopez, W.; Gantner, S.; Khader, N.; Rothe, T.: Development of a Robot-Based Multi-Directional Dynamic Fiber Winding Process for Additive Manufacturing Using Shotcrete 3D Printing. In: Fibers 2021, 9, 39, 2021. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/fib9060039.

Additive Fertigung im Bauwesen: 3D-Betondruck als eine Schlüsseltechnologie für die Digitalisierung der Bauwirtschaft

2020 | Hack, N.; Kloft, H.; Lowke, D.: Additive Fertigung im Bauwesen: 3D-Betondruck als eine Schlüsseltechnologie für die Digitalisierung der Bauwirtschaft. In: Ingenieurbaukunst 2020 – Made in Germany, Jahrbuch der Bundesingenieurkammer, S. 178-183, 2020.

Influence of process parameters on the interlayer bond strength of concrete elements additive manufactured by Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP)

2020 | Kloft, H.; Krauss, H.-W.; Hack, N.; Herrmann, E.; Neudecker, S.; Varady, P.; Lowke, D.: Influence of process parameters on the interlayer bond strength of concrete elements additive manufactured by Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP). In: Cement and Concrete Research 134, 2020. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106078.

Bewehrungsstrategien für den Beton-3D-Druck

2020 | Kloft, H.; Empelmann, M.; Hack, N.; Herrmann, E. Lowke, D.: Bewehrungsstrategien für den Beton-3D-Druck. In: Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 115, 2020. – DOI: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/best.202000032.

A process classification framework for defining and describing Digital Fabrication with Concrete

2020 | Buswell, R.A.; Leal da Silva; W.R.; Bos, F.P.; Schipper, H.R.; Lowke, D.; Hack, N.; Kloft, H.; Mechtcherine, V.; Wangler, T.; Roussel, N.: A process classification framework for defining and describing Digital Fabrication with Concrete. In: Cement and Concrete Research 134, 2020. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106068.

More projects of
Focus Area A

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Project A 08 (completed)

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

The post Project A 05 appeared first on Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277.

]]> Project A 06 https://amc-trr277.de/projects/project-area-a/focus-area-project-a06/ Fri, 19 Nov 2021 15:21:32 +0000 http://amc-trr277.de/?post_type=projects&p=3418 The post Project A 06 appeared first on Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277.

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Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

This project aims to explore and evaluate the factors influencing the manufacturing of safe and durable structural steel elements by Powder Bed Fusion of Metals using a Laser Beam (PBF-LB/M). Thereby, the PBF-LB/M process, the post-treatment, and the geometrical aspects in terms of microstructure and mechanical properties will be investigated and correlations determined. In the first funding period, it is focused on analyzing small-scale specimens and complex facade elements with multiaxial stress states. Based on the results, a first methodology for a qualified Additive Manufacturing (AM) design of safe and durable structural steel elements will be derived.

Objective

Until now, a precise prediction of defined mechanical properties of PBF-LB/M-manufactured steel elements is not possible. To establish the application of PBF-LB/M in the construction industry, civil engineering, and architecture, it is necessary to develop a methodology for the reliable production of durable structural steel elements by using PBF-LB/M.

Approach

Initially, the influence of the process parameters on the cooling rates during PBF-LB/M is analyzed using in-process thermography. Besides, the effects of geometric aspects and post-treatments on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the components will be examined. In the further course of the project, shape-optimized structural steel elements and large-scale components will be designed using the determined interrelations. Subsequently, the elements will be manufactured and tested under real operating conditions. Finally, a methodology for the economic and process-safe use of PBF-LB/M in the construction industry will be derived.

Networking with other projects

  • B01: Exchange of experimental data for the validation of a mesoscale process simulation
  • A07: Basic investigation of a welded connection of metal parts manufactured with different AM processes
  • C01: Exchange of mechanical testing data for a numerical simulation
  • C02: Intensive exchange to integrate the design restrictions of PBF-LB/M into the shape optimization process for structural steel elements and their support structure
  • C04: Exchange of process characteristics to enhance the building information model
  • C07: Intensive exchange about the process chain of PBF-LB/M

Project leaders

Dr.-Ing. Christina Radlbeck

See profile

Project leader

Radlbeck, Christina Dr.-Ing.

leads scientific teams for AM, fatigue and fracture and aluminium at MB and is responsible for the MB Laboratory. She supervises experiments and provides assistance in analysis and interpre- tation of results

Project(s)

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zäh

See profile

Project leader

Zäh, Michael F. Prof. Dr.-Ing.

guides the scientific staff in the execution of the LPBF experiments.He provides guidance in methods for analysing the main mechanisms of action and the correlation of the results for the whole process chain. Head of iwb and supports the academic staff regarding additive manufacturing, alignment and execution of numerical heat transport simulations, questions during validation and process development.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

Contributors

M. Sc. Jakob Blankenhagen

See profile

Blankenhagen, Jakob M. Sc.

is a doctoral researcher: Conducts scientific studies for the duration of the research project. Performs mechanical testing, fatigue testing, fracture mechanics testing, metallurgical analysis, and investigates the influence of geometry on structural performance. Analyzes all data and prepares reports, presentations, and publications.

Project(s)

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

M. Sc. Dorina Siebert

See profile

Siebert, Dorina M. Sc.

Doctoral researcher: carrying out scientific studies. She will play a decisive role in planning and conducting fatigue and fracture testing. The evaluation and interpretation of test results is also one of her tasks. Finally she undertakes statistical considerations, which are intended to serve as a basis for the development of design guidelines.”

Project(s)

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

M. Sc. Julia Suchowerchov

See profile

Suchowerchov, Julia M. Sc

is a research associate in the working group of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zäh. As an expert in powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam (PBF-LB/M), she is responsible for the manufacturing process. Her research focuses on process parameter and process monitoring studies to improve material characterization. In addition, she conducts scientific investigations on the manufacturability of compl…

Project(s)

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

Related Publications

Cyclic Plastic Material Behavior of Novel Austenitic (C + N) Steel Additively Manufactured by PBF-LB/M

2026 | J. Blankenhagen, M. Abankar, J. Diller: Cyclic Plastic Material Behavior of Novel Austenitic (C + N) Steel Additively Manufactured by PBF-LB/M Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 49, no. 4, 1313–1326, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.70185

Data | Zenodo, 2026, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17775961

Implementation of additively manufactured parts in the construction sector via welding

2026 | J. Blankenhagen, C. Radbleck, K. Hoefer, J. Hensel, M. Mensinger: Implementation of additively manufactured parts in the construction sector via welding Procedia Structural Integrity, 77, 198–206, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2026.01.027

Data | Zenodo, 2026, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19632355

Mechanical properties and microstructure of hybrid-manufactured 316 L using PBF-LB/M and DED-Arc/M

2025 | D. L. Wenzler, H. Jahns, J. Mueller, K. U. Beuerlein, F. Riegger, J. Diller, J. Unglaub, C. Radlbeck, J. Hensel, M. Mensinger, K. Thiele, M. F. Zaeh: Mechanical properties and microstructure of hybrid-manufactured 316 L using PBF-LB/M and DED-Arc/M The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2025, pp. 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-025-15317-0.

Data | Zenodo, 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14754610.

Material Characterization of (CN) Austenitic Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

2025 | J. Blankenhagen, J. Diller, D.Siebert, P. Hegele, C. Radlbeck, M. Mensinger: Material Characterization of (CN) Austenitic Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Metals 15, no. 2: 134, https://doi.org/10.3390/met15020134

Data | Zenodo, 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15222195.

reAM250 — An open-source research platform for process monitoring and control in Powder Bed Fusion of Metals using a laser beam

2024 | D. L. Wenzler, D. Rauner, H. Panzer, T. Mair, L. Kutscherauer, A. Wimmer, D. Wolf, S. Baehr, M. F. Zaeh: reAM250 — An open-source research platform for process monitoring and control in Powder Bed Fusion of Metals using a laser beam Procedia of 13th CIRP Conference on Photonic Technologies, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2024.08.121.

Data | An open-source research PBF-LB/M platform, GitHub, 2024, https://davidwenzler.github.io/reAM250/

An integrated approach for detecting and classifying pores and surface topology for fatigue assessment 316L manufactured by powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam using CT and machine learning algorithms

2024 | J. Diller, L. Siebert, M. Winkler, D. Siebert, J. Blankenhagen, D. Wenzler, C. Radlbeck, M. Mensinger: An integrated approach for detecting and classifying pores and surface topology for fatigue assessment 316L manufactured by powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam using CT and machine learning algorithms, Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct., 2024, 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.14375

Combined effect of surface treatment and heat treatment on the fatigue properties of AISI 316L, manufactured by powder bed fusion of metals using a laser (PBF-LB/M)

2024 | J. Diller, J. Blankenhagen, D. Siebert, C. Radlbeck, M. Mensinger: Combined effect of surface treatment and heat treatment on the fatigue properties of AISI 316L, manufactured by powder bed fusion of metals using a laser (PBF-LB/M), International Journal of Fatigue, Volume 178, 2024, 108025, ISSN 0142-1123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2023.108025

Overheating detection in the powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam through local thermal resistance analysis

2023 | D. L. Wenzler, K. Beuerlein, D. Goetz, F. Zaeh: Overheating detection in the powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam through local thermal resistance analysis. In: 17th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering, 2023, submitted and accepted for publication in Procedia CIRP

Additive Manufacturing in Construction – Implementing Powder-Bed Fusion of Metals Using a Laser ({PBF}-{LB}/M) and Shape Optimization in the Construction Design Process

2023 | J. Diller, C. Radlbeck, D. Siebert, J. Blankenhagen, D. Gubetini, F. Oberhaidinger, M. Mensinger: Additive Manufacturing in Construction – Implementing Powder-Bed Fusion of Metals Using a Laser ({PBF}-{LB}/M) and Shape Optimization in the Construction Design Process. In: Engineering proceedings, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023043010

Node-Based Shape Optimization and Mechanical Test Validation of Complex Metal Components and Support Structures, Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

2023 | A. Ghantasala, J. Diller, A. Geiser, D. Wenzler, D. Siebert, C. Radlbeck, R. Wüchner, M. Mensinger, K.U. Bletzinger: Node-Based Shape Optimization and Mechanical Test Validation of Complex Metal Components and Support Structures, Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion. In: Trzcielinski, S., Mrugalska, B., Karwowski, W., Rossi, E., Di Nicolantonio, M. (eds) Advances in Manufacturing, Production Management and Process Control. AHFE 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 274. Springer, Cham.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80462-6_2

A Novel Methodology for the Thermographic Cooling Rate Measurement during Powder Bed Fusion of Metals Using a Laser Beam.

2023 | Wenzler, D.L., Bergmeier, K., Baehr, S., Diller, J., Zaeh, M.F.:  A Novel Methodology for the Thermographic Cooling Rate Measurement during Powder Bed Fusion of Metals Using a Laser Beam. In: Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation. (2023) https://doi.org/10.1007/s40192-023-00291-w

PBF-LB/M/316L vs. hot-rolled 316L – comparison of cyclic plastic material behavior

2022 | lautet Diller, J.; Siebert, D.; Radlbeck, C.; Mensinger, M: PBF-LB/M/316L vs. hot-rolled 316L – comparison of cyclic plastic material behavior. In: Procedia Structual Integrity 2022

Methodology to Determine Melt Pool Anomalies in Powder Bed Fusion of Metals Using a Laser Beam by Means of Process Monitoring and Sensor Data Fusion.

2022 | Harbig, J.; Wenzler, D.L.; Baehr, S.; Kick, M.K.; Merschroth, H.; Wimmer, A.; Weigold, M.; Zaeh, M.F.: Methodology to Determine Melt Pool Anomalies in Powder Bed Fusion of Metals Using a Laser Beam by Means of Process Monitoring and Sensor Data Fusion. In: Materials, 2022, 15, 1265. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031265

Cyclic plastic material behavior of 316L manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M).

2022 | Diller, J.; Rier, L.; Siebert, D.; Radlbeck, C.; Krafft, F.; Mensinger, M.: Cyclic plastic material behavior of 316L manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M). , In: Materials Characterization, Volume 191, 2022, 112153, ISSN 1044-5803, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2022.112153.

 

 

Node-Based Shape Optimization and Mechanical Test Validation of Complex Metal Components and Support Structures, Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

2021 | Ghantasala, A.; Diller, J.; Geiser, A.; Wenzler, D.; Siebert, D.; Radlbeck, C.; Wüchner, R.;  Mensinger, M.; Bletzinger, K.U.: Node-Based Shape Optimization and Mechanical Test Validation of Complex Metal Components and Support Structures, Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion. In: Advances in Manufacturing, Production Management and Process Control. AHFE 2021; Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 274. Springer, Cham. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80462-6_2.

Einfluss der Abkühlrate auf das Korngefüge von Bauteilen aus austenitischem Edelstahl, hergestellt durch pulverbettbasiertes Laserstrahlschmelzen

2020 | Diller, J.; Radlbeck, C.; Mensinger, M: Einfluss der Abkühlrate auf das Korngefüge von Bauteilen aus austenitischem Edelstahl, hergestellt durch pulverbettbasiertes Laserstrahlschmelzen (LPBF) In: DASt-Kolloqium 2020

More projects of
Focus Area A

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Project A 08 (completed)

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

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]]> Project A 07 https://amc-trr277.de/projects/project-area-a/focus-area-project-a07/ Fri, 19 Nov 2021 15:21:46 +0000 http://amc-trr277.de/?post_type=projects&p=3420 The post Project A 07 appeared first on Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277.

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Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Project A07 investigates structural design, WAAM methods and component testing of complex, large-scale, individualized steel components. The objective is to connect conventionally manufactured steel components and semi-finished products with additively manufactured, complex steel components, like connection nodes or anchorage structures for concrete. The research program is based on innovative design and manufacturing methodologies that take both additive manufacturing parameters and material properties into account. The evaluation of the WAAM components follows a novel test method, which considers potentially anisotropic component behavior, surface topographies, geometric irregularities and residual stresses in addition to the relevant material properties.

Objective

The objective of TP A07 is the design, the manufacturing and the testing of force flow optimized steel nodes for use in construction.

Approach

A new method is developed to design force flow optimized steel nodes as connectors between semi-finished parts and anchorage structures considering the manufacturing possibilities of the WAAM-process and the resulting material behaviour. The manufacturing possibilities will be identified by case study demonstrators which represent occurring features of the designed node. The produced parts are characterized regarding their mechanical properties. For that an advanced material testing method is applied to evaluate the potentially anisotropic material behaviour. With buckling tests on case study demonstrators the component behaviour will be investigated.

Networking with other projects

  • A04: The bond behavior of WAAM-rebars in concrete is investigated. Bars with varying cross sections were produced in order to maintain different surface topographies.

  • A06: The possibilities of combining the two AM processes LPBF and WAAM were investigated by conducting tensile tests and characterizing the fusion zone
  • C04: coordination of a structure for the digital twin and management of input data

Project leaders

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jonas Hensel

See profile

Project leader

Hensel, Jonas Uni.-Prof. Dr.-Ing.

is Professor for Welding Engineering at Chemnitz University of Technology and takes responsibility for the management of this project in terms of content and organisation as well as the cooperation with project partners within the TRR 277. Furthermore, he supervises the research assistant of WG Hensel for welding experiments, metallographic characterisation, numerical analysis and residual stress determination.

Project(s)

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Harald Kloft

See profile

AMC Board
Project leader

Kloft, Harald Prof. Dr.-Ing.

leads the scientific staff in the orientation and execution of the design process creation and supports them in an advisory capacity in the creation of test geometries and demonstrators. He is responsible for the content and organisational coordination of all work on the part of ITE. He instructs the research engineer at ITE in the conceptual structure, execution and evaluation of the theoretical and experimental research work. He is the spokesperson of the TRR 277.

Project(s)

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

Project C 05

Jointing Principles for Combination of Concrete Elements Produced by Different Additive Manufacturing Processes

Central tasks
Overview Central tasks of the AMC

Central Tasks of the AMC

Dr.-Ing. Julian Unglaub

See profile

Project leader

Unglaub, Julian Dr.-Ing.

is head of division Material behavior at IS and takes responsibility for management of this project in terms of content and organization. He supervises the research assistants of WG Thiele for novel material and component testing methods based on MultiCam Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and the development of complex material models to describe WAAM-component behavior.

Project(s)

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Contributors

M. Sc. Martin Gabriel Altobelli

See profile

Altobelli, Martin Gabriel M. Sc.

studied mechanical engineering and recently completed my Master’s degree in Advanced Manufacturing at the Chair of Welding Technology at Chemnitz University of Technology. His thesis focused on a topic from the TRR 277 project, specifically the optimization of component accuracy in the DED-Arc process. He is now working as a researcher and PhD student, focusing on the learning-by-printing approach…

Project(s)

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Dr. Kevin Höfer

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Höfer, Kevin Dr.

Kevin Hoefer works as a post-doc at the Chair of Welding Technology and is responsible for the department “Materials and Design”. In the project, he supports Prof. Jonas Hensel in the administration and management of A07, in particular in the areas of welding experiments, metallographic characterisation and residual stress determination.

Project(s)

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

M. Sc. Florian Jurke

See profile

Jurke, Florian M. Sc.

is a research associate at the Chair of Welding Engineering at Chemnitz University of Technology. His focus is process analysis of arc-processes. He is particularly concerned with sensor integration and anomaly detection in arc-welding processes and additive manufacturing with wire and arc (DED-Arc).

Project(s)

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Dr.-Ing. Lukas Ledderose

See profile

Ledderose, Lukas M. Sc.

is a postdoctoral researcher at the ITE. He is responsible for design strategies and possible applications. This includes the development of new structures, semi-finished parts and the concept for on-site WAAM as well as life cycle analysis and the creation of Digital Twins. He also prepares reports, presentations and publications.

Project(s)

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

M. Sc. Marc Müggenburg

See profile

Müggenburg, Marc M. Sc.

doctoral researcher at IS. He is responsible for the planning and execution of all scientific work, both numerical and experimental, in the framework of WAAM. This includes material and component testing, material modeling, analysis of all data, preparation of reports, presentations and publications.

Project(s)

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Related Publications

Implementation of additively manufactured parts in the construction sector via welding

2026 | J. Blankenhagen, C. Radbleck, K. Hoefer, J. Hensel, M. Mensinger: Implementation of additively manufactured parts in the construction sector via welding Procedia Structural Integrity, 77, 198–206, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2026.01.027

Data | Zenodo, 2026, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19632355

First Investigations on WAAM-Printed Adhesive Sockets for Reinforcement Connections

2025 | L. Ledderose, H. Kloft: First Investigations on WAAM-Printed Adhesive Sockets for Reinforcement Connections Open Conference Proceedings, 7, 2025, https://doi.org/10.52825/ocp.v7i.2788

Data | Zenodo, 2026, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18394837

Case study report on design, manufacturing and digital representation of a DED-Arc steel node for construction

2026 | J. Müller, H. Jahns, M. Müggenburg, K. Thiele, J. Unglaub, J. Hensel: Case study report on design, manufacturing and digital representation of a DED-Arc steel node for construction Sci Rep 16, 3263, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-37315-2

Data | Zenodo, 2026, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17192191

Hybrid wire and arc additive manufactured I-section beams: assessment of material efficiency and carbon footprint

2026 | H.Eichler, B.Sawicki, H.Kloft: Hybrid wire and arc additive manufactured I-section beams: assessment of material efficiency and carbon footprint, Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng., 2026, https://doi.org/10.1007/s43452-025-01380-7

Mechanical properties and corrosion protection of DED-Arc additively manufactured high-strength low-alloy steel components coated with Low-Pressure Cold Spray

2025 | M. Müggenburg, H. Mokhtarian, H. Koivuluoto, H. Jahns, R. Jafari, S. Panicker, E. Helmi, M. Arsalan, K. Thiele, J. Unglaub: Mechanical properties and corrosion protection of DED-Arc additively manufactured high-strength low-alloy steel components coated with Low-Pressure Cold Spray Welding in the World, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-025-02251-8

Data |Zenodo, 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15183280

Fatigue performance of high-strength low-alloy DED-Arc components with Zn+Al₂O₃ low-pressure cold spray coating

2025 | M. Müggenburg, M. Altobelli, S. Vogts, H. Jahns, R. Jafari, H. Mokhtarian, S. Panicker, H. Koivuluoto, J. Hensel, K. Thiele, J. Unglaub: Fatigue performance of high-strength low-alloy DED-Arc components with Zn+Al₂O₃ low-pressure cold spray coating Welding in the World, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-025-02262-5

Data |Zenodo, 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15267508

Comparison of fatigue test results of high-strength steel DED-Arc specimens with milled and unmilled surfaces

2024 | Müller, J., Dastgerdi, J.N. & Hensel, J. (2024). Comparison of fatigue test results of high-strength steel DED-Arc specimens with milled and unmilled surfaces Weld World, 68, 1187–1199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-024-01687-8.

Data | Dataset to figures, Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15087873.

Potential of thermography for the monitoring of DED Arc processes

2024 | J. Müller, J. Hensel: Potential of thermography for the monitoring of DED Arc processes Welding in the World, 68, 2024, pp. 505–513, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-023-01676-3.

Data | Raw data for the figures, Zenodo, 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15124101.

Towards a Digital Twin to Enable First Time Right DED-Arc Components

2024 | J. Unglaub, M. Müggenburg, H. Jahns, H. Kloft, J. Hensel, K. Thiele: Towards a Digital Twin to Enable First Time Right DED-Arc Components, Fourth RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication Munich, RILEM Bookseries, vol 53, Springer, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70031-6 51

Analysis of thermal cycles during DED-Arc of high-strength low-alloy steel and microstructural evolution

2024 | J. Müller, C. Goulas, J. Hensel: Analysis of thermal cycles during DED-Arc of high-strength low-alloy steel and microstructural evolution Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.07.066

Data | Raw data for figures, Zenodo, 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15124281.

Material Behavior of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel (HSLA) WAAM Walls in Construction

2023 | Jahns, H.; Unglaub, J.; Müller, J.; Hensel, J.; Thiele, K. :  Material Behavior of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel (HSLA) WAAM Walls in Construction. In: Metals 13, 589.  (2023.)

 

WAAM of structural components—building strategies for varying wall thicknesses

2023 | Müller, J., Hensel, J.: WAAM of structural components—building strategies for varying wall thicknesses. In: Weld World. (2023) https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-023-01481-y

 

Design of Structural Steel Components According to Manufacturing Possibilities of the Robot-Guided DED-Arc Process

2022 | C. Müller, J. Müller, H. Kloft, and J. Hensel :  Design of Structural Steel Components According to Manufacturing Possibilities of the Robot-Guided DED-Arc Process. In: Buildings, vol. 12, no. 12, p. 2154.  (Dec. 2022.) doi: 10.3390/buildings12122154

 

The effects of building position on surface and fatigue of DED-arc steel components.

2022 | Hensel, J., Müller, J., Scharf-Wildenhain, R. et al. :  The effects of building position on surface and fatigue of DED-arc steel components. In: Weld World. (2022) https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-022-01431-0

 

Surface quality parameters for structural components manufactured by DED-arc processes

2022 | Hensel, J.; Przyklenk, A.; Müller, J.; Köhler, M.; Dilger, K.: Surface quality parameters for structural components manufactured by DED-arc processes. In: Materials and Design 215, 2022.
DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110438

Surface quality parameters for structural components manufactured by DED-arc processes

2022 | Hensel, J.; Przyklenk, A.; Müller, J.; Köhler, M.; Dilger, K.: Surface quality parameters for structural components manufactured by DED-arc processes, In: Materials and Design 215 (2022), DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110438

Einfluss von Geometrie- und Fertigungsrestriktionen auf die mechanische Festigkeit von WAAM-Bauteilen

2022 | Jahns, H., Unglaub, J., Thiele, K.: Einfluss von Geometrie- und Fertigungsrestriktionen auf die mechanische Festigkeit von WAAM-Bauteilen. In: DGM-Informationsgesellschaft (Hg.): 3. Fachtagung Werkstoffe und Additive Fertigung 11. – 13. Mai 2022

Mechanical properties of wire and arc additively manufactured high-strength steel structures

2021 | Müller, J.; Hensel, J.; Dilger, K.: Mechanical properties of wire and arc additively manufactured high-strength steel structures. In: Welding in the World, DOI: 10.1007/s40194-021-01204-1.

Schweißtechnische Verarbeitung von hochfestem Stahl als Aufbauwerkstoff beim Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing

2021 |Müller, J., Hensel, J., Dilger, K.: Schweißtechnische Verarbeitung von hochfestem Stahl als Aufbauwerkstoff beim Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing. In: Fortschrittsberichte der Materialforschung und Werkstofftechnik / Bulletin of Materials Research and Engineering, Band 10, Clausthaler Zentrum für Materialtechnik (Hrsg.), Shaker Verlag Düren 2021 (ISBN: 978-3-8440-8021-6)

Vom WAAM-Bauteil zum WAAM-Bauwerk

2020 | Thiele, K.; Unglaub, J.; Begemann, F.: Additive Fertigung: Vom WAAM-Bauteil zum WAAM-Bauwerk. In: Berichte aus dem Konstruktiven Ingenieurbau, Universität der Bundeswehr München, 20/3, S. 19-24, 2020.

More projects of
Focus Area A

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

Project A 08 (completed)

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

The post Project A 07 appeared first on Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277.

]]> Project A 08 (completed) https://amc-trr277.de/projects/project-area-a/focus-area-project-a08/ Fri, 19 Nov 2021 15:22:00 +0000 http://amc-trr277.de/?post_type=projects&p=3422 The post Project A 08 (completed) appeared first on Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277.

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Networking with other projects

Poster

TRR277_A08_Poster_1-DFG-Begutachtung

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

In project A08 a novel fabrication process named ‘individual layer fabrication (ILF)’ is being investigated, which allows the use of wood in the additive manufacturing of structural elements. In this process the parts are built up by laminating successive layers of individually contoured panels that are additively manufactured by selective binding of wood particles. As each layer is fabricated separately, mechanical pressure can be applied in the production of these bespoke wood composite panels, leading to a significant reduction of binder content and an increase of mechanical strength.

Objective

The renewable resource wood is becoming increasingly popular as feedstock material for additive manufacturing. Reasons for this can be environmental aspects, cost reduction or the enhancement of material properties. The aim of project A08 is to facilitate additive manufacturing of wood composite parts that are, in terms of scale and material properties, suitable for an application in construction.

Approach

The core idea of ILF is to integrate a work step of mechanical pressing into an additive manufacturing process based on binder jetting technology. Mechanical pressing, rarely applied to additive manufacturing but common practice in the production of conventional wood composite boards, enables the reduction of binder content and an increase of mechanical strength. The integration of pressing is made possible through the individual fabrication of the layers.

The resulting overall process can be described as a combination of binder jetting and sheet lamination consisting of the following work steps: Particles are spread in a thin layer on a base by a scattering device. A liquid binder is applied locally to this particle bed, limited to those areas that are intended to be bound. The particle binder layer is then pressed and a sheet with bound and unbound bulk material is obtained. Finally, the unbound bulk is removed and the completed panel is transferred and laminated onto the stack of previously fabricated panels. Panel production and lamination are repeated until the desired object is completed.

The work program of project A08 is structured into three main work packages. In work package 1 ‘Adhesion systems’ different feedstock materials are investigated to identify wood particles and binders best suited for the process. In work package 2 ‘Process’ devices for the single work steps are developed and combined to form an integrated process. Finally, in work package 3 ‘Applications’ ILF and the parts that can be produced by this process are evaluated concerning their application in the construction industry.

Networking with other projects

Project A08 is linked to all other projects that apply particle binding processes and particularly to project A02 which uses a similar solution for binder application. Furthermore, it is connected to several C-projects researching questions of design for optimization (project C02) or functional integration (project C03). Finally, there are cooperations with different other projects (A03, A06) working on concepts for large scale joint demonstrators.

Project leaders

Dr. rer. nat. Frauke Bunzel

See profile

Project leader

Bunzel, Frauke Dr. rer. nat.

has been working in the field of wood adhesives for many years. She gives guidance and support to the academic staff at WKI regarding the entire adhesive systems including adhesives, particles and pressing parameters.

Project(s)

Project A 08 (completed)

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

Dr.-Ing. Klaudius Henke

See profile

Project leader

Henke, Klaudius Dr.-Ing.

has been working on additive manufacturing in construction for many years. This work also includes additive manufacturing with wood. He leads the project A08 and provides general guidance and support for the academic staff at HBB. In addition, he is responsible for the coordination of the proposed project within the TRR 277. He was a member of the AMC Board for the first funding period 2020-2023.

Project(s)

Project A 08 (completed)

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

Contributors

M. Sc. Carsten Aßhoff

See profile

Aßhoff, Carsten M. Sc.

is research associate at Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research – Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut WKI. In his doctoral research the focus is on the material development for additive manufacturing with wood.

Project(s)

Project A 08 (completed)

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

M. Sc. Birger Buschmann

See profile

Buschmann, Birger M. Sc.

is a mechanical engineer and doctoral researcher at TUM-HBB. For the project A08 he will work out the details of the fabrication process and is responsible for the topic of automatization. In C07 his responsibilities include the development of data acquisition concepts in order to identify relevant process parameters as well as the evaluation of generated data in order to form concepts for regulat…

Project(s)

Project A 08 (completed)

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

Project C 07, Associated

Challenges of Additive Manufacturing – Technical Regulations and Qualification Requirements

M. Sc. Daniel Talke

See profile

Talke, Daniel M. Sc.

is a doctoral researcher and expert on additive manufacturing in construction. His previous work includes extrusion as well as selective binding processes of concrete. He will be responsible at TUM-HBB for all the collaborative work to be executed in conjunction with WKI in project A08, especially for WP 2.

Project(s)

Project A 08 (completed)

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

Project C 07, Associated

Challenges of Additive Manufacturing – Technical Regulations and Qualification Requirements

Related Publications

Numerical and experimental studies on the absorption of additively manufactured Helmholtz resonators with permeable properties

2025 | K. Schwab, Y. Aoki, D. Talke, B. Buschmann: Numerical and experimental studies on the absorption of additively manufactured Helmholtz resonators with permeable properties Meetings on Acoustics, Proc. Mtgs. Acoust., 2025, 57, https://doi.org/10.1121/2.0002156

Additive Fertigung von Bauteilen aus Holz

2022 | Aßhoff, C.; Bunzel, F.; Buschmann, B.; Henke, K.; Talke, D.; Saile, B.: Additive Fertigung von Bauteilen aus Holz. In: Holz-Zentralblatt 2022, 33, 557

Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF) – Additive Fertigung durch selektives Binden von Holzspänen zu Einzelschichten

2021 | Aßhoff, C.; Bunzel, F.; Buschmann, B.; Henke, K.; Talke, D.; Saile, B.: Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF) – Additive Fertigung durch selektives Binden von Holzspänen zu Einzelschichten. In: Holztechnologie 2021, 62, 5

Additive Manufacturing of Wood Composite Panels for Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

2021 | Buschmann, B.; Henke, K.; Talke, D.; Saile, B.; Asshoff, C.; Bunzel, F.: Additive Manufacturing of Wood Composite Panels for Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF). In: Polymers – Special Issue “3D Printing in Wood Science”, 13, 3423, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13193423.

Use of Wood in Additive Manufacturing in Construction

2021 | Henke, K.; Talke, D.; Buschmann, B.: Use of Wood in Additive Manufacturing in Construction. In: Proceedings of the 17th Rapid.Tech 3D Conference, Erfurt, Germany, 22 -23 June 2021, M. Kynast, Ed., München: Hanser, Carl, 2021, pp. 177–187.

Individual layer fabrication (ILF): a novel approach to additive manufacturing by the use of wood

2021 | Henke, K.; Talke, D.; Bunzel, F.; et al.: Individual layer fabrication (ILF): a novel approach to additive manufacturing by the use of wood. Eur. J. Wood Prod. – DOI: doi.org/10.1007/s00107-020-01646-2.

More projects of
Focus Area A

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

The post Project A 08 (completed) appeared first on Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277.

]]> Project A 09 https://amc-trr277.de/projects/project-area-a/focus-area-project-a09/ Mon, 05 Feb 2024 09:51:27 +0000 https://amc-trr277.de/?post_type=projects&p=6974 The post Project A 09 appeared first on Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277.

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Networking with other projects

Poster

TRR277_A09_230503_Poster FP2_Begutachtung_Vorlage-PRINTED

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) is a new additive manufacturing process that was developed independently of the AMC in 2018 by researchers at Technische Universität Braunschweig and in variants by others, e.g. I3DCP will hence join the TRR 277 as a new project. The basic principle of I3DCP is that a fluid of material A is robotically injected into another fluid of another material B. The role of material B is to support material A such that material A maintains a stable position. In general, I3DCP can be categorized into three sub-categories:

(a) Concrete in Suspension (CiS): injection of concrete into a non-hardening carrier liquid;
(b) Suspension in Concrete (SiC): injection of a non-hardening suspension into a concrete; and
(c) Concrete in Concrete (CiC): the injection of a concrete into another concrete with different properties.

Aim

The research project aims to fundamentally understand the two I3DCP techniques CiS and CiC with regard to the underlying material and process interaction as well as its process applications and control. Therefore, the following topics need to be investigated in thorough depth in order to enable a robust and controlled process: (i) rheology and interaction of the two materials, (ii) path-planning algorithm and structural design with graphic statics, (iii) reinforcement integration, and (iv) failure mechanisms and predicting print stability.

Networking with other projects

The project A09 is in direct collaboration with projects from the TRR 277 in order to improve the basic understanding of the principle of I3DCP and enhance the process. Therefore, in the planning phase of physical specimen and demonstrators, a collaboration with C02 (finding design and shape) and B04 (3D path planning) is planned. For the production of specimens, data will be provided to B03 who will focus in modelling the process details such as multi-strand-crossing. For data acquisition after production a collaboration with C06 is envisaged and the obtained data will be also provided to C01 in order to enable an as-is-simulation. Overarching is a collaboration with C09, who will investigate sustainability aspects of the process and will give advice in order to improve the process in this regard. All collaborations are described in detail in the corresponding work packages. In addition to the collaboration with other projects, there are also two associated researchers who have been significantly involved in the research to date, and whose input is also beneficial for further research. On the material side, this is Dirk Lowke, and with regard for structural engineering, Harald Kloft.

Project leaders

Prof. Dr. sc. ETH Zurich Dipl. Ing. M.A. AA Norman Hack

See profile

AMC Board
Project leader

Hack, Norman Dipl.-Ing. M.A. AA

is supervising ITE`s requested doctoral researcher during all phases of the research. Additionally, he is actively involved in the conceptual phase, developing reinforcement concepts for the different AM methods.

Project(s)

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

Project C 06

Integration of Additive Manufacturing in the Construction Process

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Inka Mai

See profile

Project leader

Mai, Inka Dr.-Ing.

is Junior-Professor at the Institute of Civil Engineering, Department of Robotic Manufacturing of the Built Environment at Technische Universität Berlin. 

Project(s)

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

Contributors

M. Sc. Leon Döring

See profile

Döring, Leon M. Sc.

has a background in architecture. Currently, he is a research associate at the Institute of Structural Design (ITE) at TU Braunschweig. His work on Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) focuses on investigating strategies for design and fabrication as well as architectural applications. In collaboration with material researchers from TU Berlin, he conducts experiments on material and fabrication…

Project(s)

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

M. Sc. Ando Anatol Nepomuk Jacobi

See profile

Jacobi, Ando M. Sc.

M. Sc. Leon Döring Current location: TU Braunschweig Institute: Institute of Structural Design OrcidiD: 0009-0002-5628-261X l.doering@tu-braunschweig.de Prof. Dr. sc. ETH Zurich Dipl. Ing. M.A. AA Norman Hack AMC Board Project leader Current location: TU Braunschweig Institute: Institute of Structural Design OrcidiD: 0000-0002-5261-6726 n.hack@tu-braunschweig.de M. Sc. Ando Anatol Nepomuk Jacobi C…

Project(s)

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

Dr.-Ing. Samim Mehdizadeh

See profile

Mehdizadeh, Samim Dr.-Ing.

Dr.-Ing. Samim Mehdizadeh co-leads research activities and supervises doctoral researchers in the areas of lightweight concrete, on-site robotic fabrication, and multi-robotic fabrication. Within the Collaborative Research Center TRR 277 “Additive Manufacturing in Construction” (AMC), he supports Prof. Norman Hack as Postdoctoral Researcher in leading the research projects A-05 and A-09 at the Ins…

Project(s)

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

M. Sc. Yinan Xiao

See profile

Xiao, Yinan M.Sc.

Is a doctoral researcher at the Institute of Structural Design (ITE) at TU Braunschweig.

Project(s)

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

Related Publications

Digital fabrication with concrete beyond horizontal planar layers

2024|D. Lowke, A. Anton, R. Buswell, S.E. Jenny, R. J. Flatt, E.L. Fritschi, N. Hack, I. Mai, M. Popescu, H. Kloft: Digital fabrication with concrete beyond horizontal planar layers, Cement and Concrete Research Volume 186, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107663

More projects of
Focus Area A

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Project A 08 (completed)

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

The post Project A 09 appeared first on Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277.

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