Kwade, Arno Prof. Dr.-Ing. Archives - Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277 https://amc-trr277.de/trr277-person/prof-dr-ing-arno-kwade/ AMC TRR 277 Thu, 16 Jul 2026 09:00:53 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9.5 Project A 01 https://amc-trr277.de/projects/project-area-a/focus-area-project-a01/ Fri, 19 Nov 2021 15:14:00 +0000 http://amc-trr277.de/?post_type=projects&p=3407 The post Project A 01 appeared first on Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277.

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Approach

Visuals

Networking with other projects

Poster

TRR277_A01_Poster_1-DFG-Begutachtung
 TRR277_A01_Poster_2-DFG-Begutachtung

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

The focus of this project is on particle-bed 3D printing (PB3DP) by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) with the aim to gain a fundamental understanding of the involved material-process interactions. In SCA a liquid is selectively applied on a dry particle-bed, consisting of fine aggregates and cement, so that the hydration reaction of the cement and thus the hardening only occurs locally. This process allows in particular the manufacturing of free formed elements with almost no restrictions in shape and topology.

Aim

The goal of this project is a fundamental understanding of the material-process interactions in particle-bed 3D printing by Selective Cement Activation. This is necessary to tailor both the material and the process to obtain the desired component properties.

Networking with other projects

TThe collaborations will specifically address the following aspects: The usage of RC material for SCA printing (A02), reinforcement integration (A05), computational modelling of the fluid intrusion into the particle-bed (B03), fracture analysis of hardened-state material (C01), shape optimisation of 3D printed elements (C02), sharing expert knowledge about SCA (C04), jointing principles (C05) and the evaluation of the ecological footprint of SCA printing (C09)

Project leaders

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Arno Kwade

See profile

Project leader

Kwade, Arno Prof. Dr.-Ing.

Head of the institute for particle technology. Head of iPAT and supports the academic staff regarding the conditioning of particle products.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Lowke

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AMC Board
Project leader

Lowke, Dirk Prof. Dr.-Ing.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Lowke is Chair of Materials and Methods in Digital Construction. He will advise the scientific staff in carrying out their work in line with the formulated project aims. He is responsible for the coordination and quality control of all work conducted by the Chair of Materials and Methods in Digital Construction at the Department of Materials Engineering at TU Munich.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Contributors

M. Sc. Evelien Dorresteijn

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Dorresteijn, Evelien M. Sc.

is a researcher at Institute of Building Materials, Concrete Construction and Fire Safety and works for the project A01.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

M.Sc. Selina Gerich

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Gerich Selina M.Sc.

is a doctoral researcher at the Technical University of Munich in the group of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Lowke. Her research focuses on advancing the SCA process, particularly regarding material–process interactions.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

M. Sc. Friedrich Herding

See profile

Herding, Friedrich M. Sc.

M. Sc. Friedrich Herding is a research associate in the working group of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dirk Lowke. He is researching the material-process interaction in the SCA process.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

M. Sc. Niklas Meier

See profile

Meier, Niklas M. Sc.

is a research associate in the work group of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Arno Kwade. He is responsible for the development of tailored particles for the SCA process.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Dr.-Ing. Harald Zetzener

See profile

Zetzener, Harald Dr.-Ing.

deputy director of the institute for particle technology, head of Division Powder and Slurry Processes, supports Prof. Kwade in leading the project.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Related Publications

Surface modification of bulk material for particle bed 3D concrete printing – Effect on wettability, porosity, and mechanical properties

2025 | N. Meier, F. Herding, H. Zetzener, I. Mai, D. Lowke, A. Kwade: Surface modification of bulk material for particle bed 3D concrete printing – Effect on wettability, porosity, and mechanical properties Advanced Powder Technology, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2025.105123

Data |Zenodo, 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17641009

Improving the Dimensional Accuracy in Selective Cement Activation by w/c-Ratio Gradation

2024 |F. Herding, D. Lowke: Improving the Dimensional Accuracy in Selective Cement Activation by w/c-Ratio Gradation Fourth RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70031-6_43

 

BREUER X AM: FUNCTIONAL HYBRIDISATION IN CONCRETE BUILDING ENVELOPE ELEMENTS THROUGH ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

2024 |J. Fleckenstein, B. Knychalla, D. Briels, A. Baghdadi, G. Placzek, F. Herding, P. Schwerdtner, T. Auer, D. Lowke, H. Kloft, K. Dörfler, P. Ayres, M. Thomson , R. Sheil, M. Skavara: BREUER X AM: FUNCTIONAL HYBRIDISATION IN CONCRETE BUILDING ENVELOPE ELEMENTS THROUGH ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING Fabricate 2024: Creating Resourceful Futures, 2024, https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.11374766.29

 

Improving the dimensional accuracy in selective cement activation by w/c-ratio gradation

2024 |F. Herding, D. Lowke: Improving the dimensional accuracy in selective cement activation by w/c-ratio gradation, Fourth RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication Munich, RILEM Bookseries, vol 53, Springer,  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70031-6_43

BREUER X AM: Functional hybridisation in concrete building envelope elements through additive manufacturing

2024 |J. Fleckenstein, B. Knychalla, D. Briels, A. Baghdadi, G. Placzek, F. Herding, P. Schwerdtner, T. Auer, D. Lowke, H. Kloft, K. Dörfler, P. Ayres, M. R. Thomsen, B. Sheil, M. Skavara: BREUER X AM: Functional hybridisation in concrete building envelope elements through additive manufacturing, Fabricate 2024: Creating Resourceful Futures, UCL Press, 2024, 196–205, https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.11374766.29

Surfaces of coastal biogenic structures: exploiting advanced digital design and fabrication strategies for the manufacturing of oyster reef and mussel bed surrogates

2024 | J. Hitzegrad, L. Brohmann, F. Herding, K. Pfennings, S. Jonischkies, E. Scharnbeck, J. Mainka, I. Mai, C. Windt, H. Kloft, A. Wehrmann, D. Lowke, N. Goseberg: Surfaces of coastal biogenic structures: exploiting advanced digital design and fabrication strategies for the manufacturing of oyster reef and mussel bed surrogates, Front. Mar. Sci., 11:1395025, 2024, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1395025

Experimental results for mechanical and thermal properties of SCA material

2023 | F. Herding, A. Strasser, D. Briels, D. Lowke, T. Kränkel: Experimental results for mechanical and thermal properties of SCA material, Dataset, TUM: Munich, 2023, https://doi.org/10.14459/2023mp1720074

Reduction of the cement content in Selective Cement Activation

2023 | F. Herding, I. Mai, D. Lowke: Reduction of the cement content in Selective Cement Activation. In: ibausil 2023
https://doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2826

Effect of Grain Size and Layer Thickness on Hardened State Properties in Selective Cement Activation

2023 | F. Herding, I. Mai, D. Lowke: Effect of Grain Size and Layer Thickness on Hardened State Properties in Selective Cement Activation. In: ibausil 2023
https://doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2816

Particle-bed 3D printing by selective cement activation – Influence of process parameters on particle-bed density

2023 | D. Talke, B. Saile, N. Meier, F. Herding, I. Mai, H. Zetzener, A. Kwade, D. Lowke: Particle-bed 3D printing by selective cement activation – Influence of process parameters on particle-bed density. In: Cement and Concrete Research, 168. (2023)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107140

Influence of Material and Process Parameters on Hardened State Properties of Shotcrete 3D-Printed Elements

2022 | Böhler, D., Mai, I., Freund, N., Lachmayer, L., Raatz, A., Lowke, D.: Influence of Material and Process Parameters on Hardened State Properties of Shotcrete 3D-Printed Elements. In: Buswell, R., Blanco, A., Cavalaro, S., Kinnell, P. (eds) Third RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication. DC 2022. RILEM Bookseries, vol 37. Springer, Cham.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06116-5_38

Effect of Curing in Selective Cement Activation

2022 | Herding, F., Mai, I., Lowke, D.: Effect of Curing in Selective Cement Activation. In: Buswell, R., Blanco, A., Cavalaro, S., Kinnell, P. (eds) Third RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication. DC 2022. RILEM Bookseries, vol 37. Springer, Cham.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06116-5_42

Fluid intrusion in powder beds for selective cement activation – an experimental and analytical study

2022 | Mai, I.; Lowke, D.; Perrot, A.: Fluid intrusion in powder beds for selective cement activation – an experimental and analytical study. In: Cement and Concrete Research, CCR 156 (106771), 2022
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106771

 

 

Material-process interactions in particle bed 3D printing and the underlying physics

2022 | Lowke, D.; Mai, I.; Keita, E.; Perrot, A.; Weger, D.; Gehlen, C.; Herding, F.; Zuo, Wenqiang; Roussel, N.: Material-process interactions in particle bed 3D printing and the underlying physics. In: Cement and Concrete Research, CCR 156 (106748), 2022
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106748

Evaluating the Effect of Methyl Cellulose on Hardened State Properties in Selective Cement Activation

2022 | Mai, I., Herding, F., Lowke, D.: Evaluating the Effect of Methyl Cellulose on Hardened State Properties in Selective Cement Activation. In: Buswell, R., Blanco, A., Cavalaro, S., Kinnell, P. (eds) Third RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication. DC 2022. RILEM Bookseries, vol 37. Springer, Cham.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06116-5_43

Material-process interactions in particle bed 3D printing and the underlying physics

2022 |Lowke, D.; Mai, I.; Keita, E.; Perrot, A.; Weger, D,; Gehlen, C.; Herding, F.; Zuo, W.; Roussel, N.: Material-process interactions in particle bed 3D printing and the underlying physics, In: Cement and Concrete Research, Volume 156, June 2022, 106748, DOI: http//:doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106748

Fluid intrusion in powder beds for selective cement activation – An experimental and analytical study

2022 |Lowke, D.; Mai, I.; Perrot, A.: Fluid intrusion in powder beds for selective cement activation – An experimental and analytical study, In: Cement and Concrete Research, Volume 156, June 2022, 106748, DOI: http//:doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106771

Particle bed 3D printing by selective cement activation – Applications, material and process technology

2020 | Lowke, D.; Talke, D.; Dreßler, I.; Weger, D.; Gehlen, C.; Ostertag, C.; Rael, R.: Particle bed 3D printing by selective cement activation – Applications, material and process technology. In: Cement and Concrete Research 134,2020. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106077.

More projects of
Focus Area A

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Project A 08 (completed)

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

The post Project A 01 appeared first on Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277.

]]> Project A 02 https://amc-trr277.de/projects/project-area-a/focus-area-project-a02/ Fri, 19 Nov 2021 15:17:42 +0000 http://amc-trr277.de/?post_type=projects&p=3410 The post Project A 02 appeared first on Additive Manufacturing in Construction (AMC) TRR277.

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Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Selective paste intrusion (SPI) is a particle-bed-based additive manufacturing technology in which aggregates are spread in thin layers and bonded by cement paste. To qualify SPI for structural concrete elements, the inclusion of reinforcement is mandatory. The innovation introduced here is that reinforcement will be implemented simultaneously in the SPI process using Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). Different active and passive cooling strategies, e.g. particle surface functionalization and the synthesis of new particles, will be developed to deal with the high temperatures during WAAM.

Objective

Combination of SPI and WAAM:

  • 3D printable WAAM reinforcement with properties comparable to those of conventional rebars, validated through experiments and simulation
  • Development of tailored particles for cooling and storing water for the combined SPI+WAAM process
  • Optimized cement paste for enhanced temperatures

Approach

At the cbm, the Selective Paste Intrusion (SPI) is being researched. One research focus is the integration of reinforcement using Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) during the printing process. Due to the temperature loads of the WAAM process, the system limits, such as the maximum temperature load in the SPI process, must first be quantified. From this, process parameters and strategies to reduce the temperatures are derived and also researched. Approaches here are the functionalization of the aggregates and optimization of the cement paste formulation to withstand higher temperatures. However, an increase in the distance between the particle-bed and the printer nozzles and active cooling of the WAAM process are strategies for reducing the temperature load. The aim is to combine the two individual processes, SPI and WAAM, into one process and produce a demonstrator.

The Institute for Particle Technology is conducting a closer inspection into developing tailored particles suitable for the hybrid process. On the one hand, an optimal combination of particle size distribution and morphology of the aggregate particles as well as cement paste are to be found to support the process. On the other hand, the effect of certain additives on both components are being studied to reduce or withstand the remaining thermal load. One approach involves integrating additional water into the aggregate bulk material and cement paste whilst maintaining sufficient material properties for SPI. Further studies will involve combining the aforementioned with binding accelerators to increase process speed.

At the iwb, suitable process parameters for the production of WAAM-manufactured reinforcement structures are identified and process investigations are conducted with an experimental setup. Thereby, the cooling behaviour of the manufactured reinforcement geometries is analysed using thermographic imaging. Based on this, the cause-effect relationships in WAAM of the steel reinforcement are quantified by regression analyses. Numerical process models are created to extend the understanding of the process. These models describe the temperature distribution in the WAAM-manufactured component and consider the influences of specifically cooled areas. Thus, a suitable cooling strategy can be derived theoretically and be validated, after integration into the experimental set-up.

Networking with other projects

  • A01: Permanent exchange of the project status within the workgroup
  • A03: Permanent exchange of the project status within the workgroup
  • A04: Joint series of experiments for the investigation of temperature influences
  • A05: Integration of reinforcement in the SPI process
  • A07: Exchange of process and material parameters of the WAAM reinforcement
  • A08: Exchange about nozzle technology and printer automation (pin roller)
  • C01: Sending of material properties for model calibration
  • C02: Sending of material properties for model calibration
  • C04: Exchange of process parameters for BIM
  • C06: Sending of an SPI printed test object for 3D-laser scanning test measurements

Project leaders

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christoph Gehlen

See profile

AMC Board
Project leader

Gehlen, Christoph Prof. Dr.-Ing.

Dean of TUM School of Engineering and Design, Head of cbm and leads project A02 and A03. He instructs and advises the academic staff regarding additive manufacturing and concrete technological questions. He is responsible for the coordination and quality control of all work of cbm. Untill Oct. 2021 he was the co-spokesperson of the TRR 277. He then became Dean of TUM School of Engineering and Design and handed over the tasks of Co-Speaker to Kathrin Dörfler.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Arno Kwade

See profile

Project leader

Kwade, Arno Prof. Dr.-Ing.

Head of the institute for particle technology. Head of iPAT and supports the academic staff regarding the conditioning of particle products.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zäh

See profile

Project leader

Zäh, Michael F. Prof. Dr.-Ing.

guides the scientific staff in the execution of the LPBF experiments.He provides guidance in methods for analysing the main mechanisms of action and the correlation of the results for the whole process chain. Head of iwb and supports the academic staff regarding additive manufacturing, alignment and execution of numerical heat transport simulations, questions during validation and process development.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

Contributors

M. Sc. Markus Freidhofer

See profile

Freidhofer, Markus-Sebastian M. Sc.

Markus Freidhofer is a research associate in the workgroup of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zäh. His research focuses on the combined process of stud welding and wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) for the production of structural reinforcements. This includes the simulation of the combined process, as well as process control and process monitoring for quality-assured manufacturing

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kränkel

See profile

Kränkel, Thomas Dr.-Ing.

Head of workgroup concrete technology and assists Prof. Gehlen in leading project A02. He instructs and supports the academic staff regarding additive manufacturing and concrete technological questions.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

M. Sc. Felix Riegger

See profile

Riegger, Felix M. Sc.

is a research associate in the workgroup of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zäh. As an expert in WAAM, he is responsible for the simulation and temperature modelling of the process.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

M. Sc. Alexander Straßer

See profile

Straßer, Alexander M. Sc.

is a research associate at the Workinggroup of Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christoph Gehlen. Responsible for research on selective paste intrusion and development of cement pastes.

Project(s)

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Dr.-Ing. Harald Zetzener

See profile

Zetzener, Harald Dr.-Ing.

deputy director of the institute for particle technology, head of Division Powder and Slurry Processes, supports Prof. Kwade in leading the project.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Related Publications

Selective Paste Intrusion – An Additive Manufacturing Technique to produce customized Building Components with enhanced Thermal Insulating Performance

2024 | A. Straßer, D. Briels, T. Kränkel, C. Gehlen, T. Auer: Selective Paste Intrusion – An Additive Manufacturing Technique to produce customized Building Components with enhanced Thermal Insulating Performance HiPerMat 2024, 2024, https://doi.org/10.17170/kobra-202402059519

Additive Manufacturing of Steel-Reinforced Concrete by Combination of Selective Paste Intrusion and Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing: Impact of Heat Generated by WAAM on Bond Behavior of the Reinforcement

2025 | A.Straßer, F.Riegger, T. Kränkel, C. Gehlen: Additive Manufacturing of Steel-Reinforced Concrete by Combination of Selective Paste Intrusion and Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing: Impact of Heat Generated by WAAM on Bond Behavior of the Reinforcement Materials, 2025, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235455

Data |Zenodo, 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16562375

Additive manufacturing by the selective paste intrusion: Effect of the distance of the print nozzle to the particle bed on the print quality

2024 | A.Straßer, A. Haynack, T. Kränkel, C. Gehlen: Additive manufacturing by the selective paste intrusion: Effect of the distance of the print nozzle to the particle bed on the print quality Construction and Building Materials, Volume 449, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138274

Data |Zenodo, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138274

The effect of process parameters on the formulation of a dry water-in-air dispersion

2024 | L.D. Hamilton, H. Zetzener, A. Kwade: The effect of process parameters on the formulation of a dry water-in-air dispersion Advanced Powder Technology, 35(7), 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2024.104553

Data | Dataset for the Processing of a Dry Water-in-Air Dispersion, LeoPARD, 2025, https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202503271305-0.

Integration of reinforcement by WAAM — Concept and current research with special attention to cooling strategies

2023 | A. Straßer, F. Riegger, L.D Hamilton, T. Kraenkel, C. Gehlen, M.F. Zaeh, A. Kwade: Selective Paste Intrusion: Integration of reinforcement by WAAM — Concept and current research with special attention to cooling strategies. Construction and Building Materials 2023, 406, 133236.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133236

Bond Behavior of WAAM Reinforcements in Comparison to Conventional Steel Reinforcements

2023 | K. Tischner, S. Rappl, F. Riegger, A. Strasser, K. Osterminski, T. Kraenkel, S. Baehr, M.F. Zaeh, C. Gehlen: Bond Behavior of WAAM Reinforcements in Comparison to Conventional Steel Reinforcements. In: Constr. Mater. 2023, 3, 217–232.
https://doi.org/10.3390/constrmater3020014

Volume flow-based process control for robotic additive manufacturing processes in construction

2023 | L. Lachmayer, N. Müller, T. Herlyn, A. Raatz: Volume flow-based process control for robotic additive manufacturing processes in construction 2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)

Experimental results for mechanical and thermal properties of SCA material

2023 | F. Herding, A. Strasser, D. Briels, D. Lowke, T. Kränkel: Experimental results for mechanical and thermal properties of SCA material, Dataset, TUM: Munich, 2023, https://doi.org/10.14459/2023mp1720074

Thermal conductivity assessment of SCA material with lightweight expanded glass aggregate

2023 | A. Strasser, D. Briels, T. Kränkel, P. Sonnleitner, C. Wiesner, B. Knychalla: Thermal conductivity assessment of SCA material with lightweight expanded glass aggregate, Dataset, TUM: Munich, 2023, https://doi.org/10.14459/2023mp1720075

Integrating Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing into Selective Paste Intrusion for Reinforced Concrete Elements: Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Performance

2023 | A. Straßer, T. Kränkel. C. Gehlen: Integrating Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing into Selective Paste Intrusion for Reinforced Concrete Elements: Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Performance. In: ibausil 2023

Additive Manufacturing by the Selective Paste Intrusion Method: Effect of the Distance of the Print NozzIe to the Particle bed on the Print Quality

2023 | A. Straßer, A. Haynack, T. Kränkel, C. Gehlen: Additive Manufacturing by the Selective Paste Intrusion Method: Effect of the Distance of the Print NozzIe to the Particle bed on the Print Quality. In: Preprints 2023, 2023030236.
https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202303.0236.v1

The Effect of Water, Nanoparticulate Silica and Dry Water on the Flow Properties of Cohesionless Sand

2022 | Hamilton, L. D.; Zetzener, H.; Kwade, A.: The Effect of Water, Nanoparticulate Silica and Dry Water on the Flow Properties of Cohesionless Sand. In: Processes 2022, 10, 2438. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112438

Combining Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing and Selective Paste Intrusion for Additively Manufactured Structural Concrete

2022 | Straßer, A.; Weger, D.; Matthäus, Carla; Kränkel, T.; Gehlen, C.: Combining Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing and Selective Paste Intrusion for Additively Manufactured Structural Concrete. In: Visions and Strategies for Reinforcing Additively Manufactured Concrete Structures 61-72 (2022)

Selective Paste Intrusion: Stability of Cement Paste Mixtures Towards Changing Ambient Temperature

2022 | Straßer, A.; Matthäus, Carla; Weger, D.; Kränkel, T.; Gehlen, C.: Selective Paste Intrusion: Stability of Cement Paste Mixtures Towards Changing Ambient Temperature. In: Third RILEM International Conference 296–301 (2022)

Additive Fertigung von Stahlbewehrungen

2022 | Riegger, F.; Zäh, M. F.: Additive Fertigung von Stahlbewehrungen. In: Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb 117 (7-8), S. 448–451. (2022)
DOI: 10.1515/zwf-2022-1091

Bewehrungskonzepte beim 3D-Druck von Konstruktionsbeton

2021 | Lowke, D.; Gehlen, C.; Kloft, H.; Freund, N.; Matthäus, C.: Bewehrungskonzepte beim 3D-Druck von Konstruktionsbeton. In: BfT International, 02.2021, S. 92, 2021.

Dauerhaftigkeit – Potenzial additiver Fertigung und Performance im Vergleich zu konventioneller Fertigung

2021 | Gehlen, C.; Lowke, D.; Weger, D.; Dreßler, I.: Dauerhaftigkeit – Potenzial additiver Fertigung und Performance im Vergleich zu konventioneller Fertigung. In: BfT International, 02.2021, S. 94, 2021.

Penetration of Cement Pastes into Particle-Beds: A Comparison of Penetration Models

2021 | Weger, D.; Pierre, A.; Perrot, A.; Kränkel, T.; Lowke, D.; Gehlen, C.: Penetration of Cement Pastes into Particle-Beds: A Comparison of Penetration Models. In: Materials 2021, 14, 389. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14020389.

Particle-Bed Binding by Selective Paste Intrusion—Strength and Durability of Printed Fine-Grain Concrete Members

2021 | Weger, D.; Gehlen, C.: Particle-Bed Binding by Selective Paste Intrusion—Strength and Durability of Printed Fine-Grain Concrete Members. In: Materials 2021, 14, 586. – DOI: doi.org/10.3390/ma14030586.

Reinforced Particle-Bed Printing by Combination of the Selective Paste Intrusion Method with Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing – A First Feasibility Study

2020 | Weger, D.; Baier, D.; Straßer, A.; Prottung, S.; Kränkel, T.; Bachmann, A.; Gehlen, C.; Zäh, M.: Reinforced Particle-Bed Printing by Combination of the Selective Paste Intrusion Method with Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing – A First Feasibility Study. In: RILEM Bookseries 28, pp. 978–987, 2020. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49916-7_95.

More projects of
Focus Area A

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 03

Extrusion of Near-Nozzle Mixed Concrete –Individually Graded in Density and in Rate of 3D Fibre Reinforcement

Project A 04

Integrated Additive Manufacturing Processes for Reinforced Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) Elements with Precise Surface Quality

Project A 05

Integration of Individualized Prefabricated Fibre Reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing with Concrete

Project A 06

Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) of Steel Elements for Construction – Basics of Design and Mechanical Resilience.

Project A 07

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of Complex Individualized Steel Components

Project A 08 (completed)

Structural Timber by Individual Layer Fabrication (ILF)

Project A 09

Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP) – Material Efficient Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Spatially Complex Strut-and-Tie-Models

Project A 10

Earth Additive Manufacturing (EAM) – Material and Process Combinations for AM with Earth-based Materials

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]]> Surface modification of bulk material for particle bed 3D concrete printing – Effect on wettability, porosity, and mechanical properties https://amc-trr277.de/amc-publikation/surface-modification-of-bulk-material-for-particle-bed-3d-concrete-printing-effect-on-wettability-porosity-and-mechanical-properties/ Tue, 16 Dec 2025 12:48:27 +0000 https://amc-trr277.de/?post_type=amc-publikation&p=8293 2025 | N. Meier, F. Herding, H. Zetzener, I. Mai, D. Lowke, A. Kwade: Surface modification of bulk material for particle bed 3D concrete printing – Effect on wettability, porosity, and mechanical properties Advanced Powder Technology, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2025.105123 Data |Zenodo,...

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]]> 2025 | N. Meier, F. Herding, H. Zetzener, I. Mai, D. Lowke, A. Kwade: Surface modification of bulk material for particle bed 3D concrete printing – Effect on wettability, porosity, and mechanical properties Advanced Powder Technology, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2025.105123

Data |Zenodo, 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17641009

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]]> The effect of process parameters on the formulation of a dry water-in-air dispersion https://amc-trr277.de/amc-publikation/the-effect-of-process-parameters-on-the-formulation-of-a-dry-water-in-air-dispersion/ Mon, 31 Mar 2025 12:49:15 +0000 https://amc-trr277.de/?post_type=amc-publikation&p=7817 2024 | L.D. Hamilton, H. Zetzener, A. Kwade: The effect of process parameters on the formulation of a dry water-in-air dispersion Advanced Powder Technology, 35(7), 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2024.104553 Data | Dataset for the Processing of a Dry Water-in-Air Dispersion, LeoPARD, 2025, https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202503271305-0.

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]]> 2024 | L.D. Hamilton, H. Zetzener, A. Kwade: The effect of process parameters on the formulation of a dry water-in-air dispersion Advanced Powder Technology, 35(7), 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2024.104553

Data | Dataset for the Processing of a Dry Water-in-Air Dispersion, LeoPARD, 2025, https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202503271305-0.

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]]> Prof. Dr.-Ing. Arno Kwade https://amc-trr277.de/trr277-people/prof-dr-ing-arno-kwade/ Thu, 25 Nov 2021 09:56:27 +0000 http://amc-trr277.de/?post_type=person&p=3525 Head of the institute for particle technology. Head of iPAT and supports the academic staff regarding the conditioning of particle
products.

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]]>

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Arno Kwade

Project leader
Current location: TU Braunschweig
Institute: Institute for Particle Technology
OrcidiD: 0000-0002-6348-7309

a.kwade@tu-bs.de

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Arno Kwade is the head of the institute for particle technology. Also the head of iPAT and supports the academic staff regarding the conditioning of particle products.

Project(s)

Project A 01

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Activation (SCA) – Sustainability, process enhancement and material models

Project A 02

Particle-Bed 3D Printing by Selective Cement Paste Intrusion (SPI) – Particle Surface Functionalisation, Particle Synthesis and Integration of WAAM Reinforcement

Publications

2025 | N. Meier, F. Herding, H. Zetzener, I. Mai, D. Lowke, A. Kwade: Surface modification of bulk material for particle bed 3D concrete printing – Effect on wettability, porosity, and mechanical properties Advanced Powder Technology, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2025.105123

Data |Zenodo, 2025, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17641009

2024 | L.D. Hamilton, H. Zetzener, A. Kwade: The effect of process parameters on the formulation of a dry water-in-air dispersion Advanced Powder Technology, 35(7), 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2024.104553

Data | Dataset for the Processing of a Dry Water-in-Air Dispersion, LeoPARD, 2025, https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-202503271305-0.

2023 | A. Straßer, F. Riegger, L.D Hamilton, T. Kraenkel, C. Gehlen, M.F. Zaeh, A. Kwade: Selective Paste Intrusion: Integration of reinforcement by WAAM — Concept and current research with special attention to cooling strategies. Construction and Building Materials 2023, 406, 133236.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133236

2023 | D. Talke, B. Saile, N. Meier, F. Herding, I. Mai, H. Zetzener, A. Kwade, D. Lowke: Particle-bed 3D printing by selective cement activation – Influence of process parameters on particle-bed density. In: Cement and Concrete Research, 168. (2023)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107140

2022 | Hamilton, L. D.; Zetzener, H.; Kwade, A.: The Effect of Water, Nanoparticulate Silica and Dry Water on the Flow Properties of Cohesionless Sand. In: Processes 2022, 10, 2438. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112438

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]]> Integration of reinforcement by WAAM — Concept and current research with special attention to cooling strategies https://amc-trr277.de/amc-publikation/implementation-of-a-surrogate-model-for-a-novel-path-based-finite-element-simulation-for-additive-manufacturing-processes-in-construction-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-8/ Fri, 26 Jan 2024 13:32:17 +0000 https://amc-trr277.de/?post_type=amc-publikation&p=7029 2023 | A. Straßer, F. Riegger, L.D Hamilton, T. Kraenkel, C. Gehlen, M.F. Zaeh, A. Kwade: Selective Paste Intrusion: Integration of reinforcement by WAAM — Concept and current research with special attention to cooling strategies. Construction and Building Materials 2023,...

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]]> 2023 | A. Straßer, F. Riegger, L.D Hamilton, T. Kraenkel, C. Gehlen, M.F. Zaeh, A. Kwade: Selective Paste Intrusion: Integration of reinforcement by WAAM — Concept and current research with special attention to cooling strategies. Construction and Building Materials 2023, 406, 133236.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133236

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]]> Particle-bed 3D printing by selective cement activation – Influence of process parameters on particle-bed density https://amc-trr277.de/amc-publikation/implementation-of-a-surrogate-model-for-a-novel-path-based-finite-element-simulation-for-additive-manufacturing-processes-in-construction-2-2/ Fri, 29 Sep 2023 10:09:14 +0000 https://amc-trr277.de/?post_type=amc-publikation&p=6786 2023 | D. Talke, B. Saile, N. Meier, F. Herding, I. Mai, H. Zetzener, A. Kwade, D. Lowke: Particle-bed 3D printing by selective cement activation – Influence of process parameters on particle-bed density. In: Cement and Concrete Research, 168. (2023)...

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]]> 2023 | D. Talke, B. Saile, N. Meier, F. Herding, I. Mai, H. Zetzener, A. Kwade, D. Lowke: Particle-bed 3D printing by selective cement activation – Influence of process parameters on particle-bed density. In: Cement and Concrete Research, 168. (2023)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107140

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]]> The Effect of Water, Nanoparticulate Silica and Dry Water on the Flow Properties of Cohesionless Sand https://amc-trr277.de/amc-publikation/a-novel-methodology-for-the-thermographic-cooling-rate-measurement-during-powder-bed-fusion-of-metals-using-a-laser-beam-2-2-2-2/ Mon, 30 Jan 2023 15:24:33 +0000 https://amc-trr277.de/?post_type=amc-publikation&p=6405 2022 | Hamilton, L. D.; Zetzener, H.; Kwade, A.: The Effect of Water, Nanoparticulate Silica and Dry Water on the Flow Properties of Cohesionless Sand. In: Processes 2022, 10, 2438. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112438

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]]> 2022 | Hamilton, L. D.; Zetzener, H.; Kwade, A.: The Effect of Water, Nanoparticulate Silica and Dry Water on the Flow Properties of Cohesionless Sand. In: Processes 2022, 10, 2438. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112438

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